In large impacts, the expanding vapor cloud may rise to many times the scale height of the atmosphere, effectively expanding into free space.

This issue assumes more importance as the scale of the map gets smaller ( i. e. the map shows a larger area ) because the information shown on the map takes up more space on the ground.

In June 2001, NASA launched a second CMB space mission, WMAP, to make much more precise measurements of the great scale anisotropies over the full sky.

Also, the space between notes on the fingerboard is large due to the scale length and string spacing, so players have to shift positions frequently.

If time, space, and energy are secondary features derived from a substrate below the Planck scale, then Einstein's hypothetical algebraic system might resolve the EPR paradox ( although Bell's theorem would still be valid ).

The second cornerstone of the Fermi paradox is a rejoinder to the argument by scale: given intelligent life's ability to overcome scarcity, and its tendency to colonize new habitats, it seems likely that at least some civilizations would be technologically advanced, seek out new resources in space and then colonize first their own star system and subsequently the surrounding star systems.

POWER and SPARC remained strong, while the 32-bit x86 architecture continued to grow into the enterprise space, building on economies of scale fueled by its enormous installed base.

Similar techniques are used in mipmaps, pyramid representations, and more sophisticated scale space methods.

Although most commonly used to depict geography, maps may represent any space, real or imagined, without regard to context or scale ; e. g. brain mapping, DNA mapping, and extraterrestrial mapping.

Even at the height of its development as a chariot-racing circuit, the circus remained the most suitable space in Rome for religious processions on a grand scale, and was the most popular venue for large-scale venationes ; in the late 3rd century, the emperor Probus laid on a spectacular Circus show in which beasts were hunted through a veritable forest of trees, on a specially built stage.

Radio blackouts caused by space weather are measured by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration on a scale that goes from 1 ( minor ) to 5 ( extreme ).

The total power of interfering waves in a Rayleigh fading scenario vary quickly as a function of space ( which is known as small scale fading ).

* A landscape is an outdoor space of a larger scale, natural or designed, usually unenclosed and considered from a distance.

The ultimate form of space colonization is the Kardashev scale which assumes that a single dominant civilisation will take over all energy on one planet, then one star, then a whole galaxy full of stars.

One can view this transposition as " pitch shifting ", " shifting " each note up 7 keys on a piano keyboard, or adding a fixed amount on the Mel scale, or adding a fixed amount in linear pitch space.

On the broadest scale, the rate at which energy is received from the sun and the rate at which it is lost to space determine the equilibrium temperature and climate of Earth.

Possible ways to deal with these costs would be to build a large number of rockets ( economies of scale ), employ reusable rockets, In Situ Resource Utilisation, or non-rocket spacelaunch methods such as space elevators.

Sometimes, distance is indicated through the use of tiered space, where more distant objects are drawn higher above the nearby objects, but in the same scale and with no overlapping of forms.

# Any phenomena that would seem attributable to absolute space and time ( e. g. inertia, and centrifugal force ) should instead be seen as emerging from the large scale distribution of matter in the universe.

According to Robots and Empire, uranium has fallen out of use a very long time ago and is all but forgotten, fusion based nuclear reactors aren't used on large scale, and nearly all the power comes from solar space stations.

A small scale Data Centre ideal for Small & Medium Enterprises ( SMEs ) is located at SME Technopreneur Center Cyberjaya SME Data Centre that provides Rack Location Unit ( RLU ) space rental and server co-location.

With this scale of living and entertainment the need to find more space in older castles became a major issue in both England and Scotland.

Economic, political, and cultural space have been restructured ; they have become more fluid and dynamic, have enlarged their borders to a transnational scale, and handle the inclusion and exclusion of nodes in flexible ways.

The sculpture is substantial, but the scale of the surrounding structures keeps it from dominating the space.

The cosmological principle is consistent with the observed isotropy of: ( i ) the celestial distribution of radio galaxies, which are randomly distributed across the entire sky, ( ii ) the large scale spatial distribution of galaxies, which form a randomly tangled web of clusters and voids up to around 400 megaparsecs in width, ( iii ) the isotropic distribution of observed red shift in the spectra of distant galaxies, which implies a uniform expansion of space or Hubble flow in all directions, and ( iv ) the cosmic microwave background radiation, the relic radiation released by the expansion and cooling of the early universe, which is constant in all directions to within 1 part in 100, 000.

Each cluster should be a small scale representation of the total population.

* Scale model, a physical model, a representation or copy of an object that is larger or smaller than the actual size of the object, which seeks to maintain the relative proportions ( the scale factor ) of the physical size of the original object

Many of these run on gauge track, which is correct for the representation of ( standard gauge ) in HO scale as in US and Japan, but incorrect in 4 mm ( 1: 76. 2 ) scale, as it represents.

On 5 March 2004, Dr. Mitchell unveiled a 3 / 4 scale representation of the prototype Spitfire K5054 at the entrance to Eastleigh Airport, Southampton, on the 68th anniversary of its first flight.

In general a representation may involve more than one scale at the same time.

They used a grid system that allowed them to create a smaller version of the artwork, and then scale up the design based upon proportional representation in a larger grid.

The ragas are grouped into sets of six, called chakras (" wheels ", though actually segments in the conventional representation ) grouped according to the supertonic and mediant scale degrees.

In laymen's terms, quantization is a method for optimally reducing a large number scale ( with different occurrences of each number ) into a smaller one, and the transform-domain is a convenient representation of the image because the high-frequency coefficients, which contribute less to the over picture than other coefficients, are characteristically small-values with high compressibility.

In music theory, the circle of fifths ( or circle of fourths ) is a visual representation of the relationships among the 12 tones of the chromatic scale, their corresponding key signatures, and the associated major and minor keys.

More specifically, it is a geometrical representation of relationships among the 12 pitch classes of the chromatic scale in pitch class space.

A scale model is a physical model, a representation or copy of an object that is larger or smaller than the actual size of the object, which seeks to maintain the relative proportions ( the scale factor ) of the physical size of the original object.

With elements similar to miniature wargaming, building models and architectural models, a plan-relief is a means of geographical representation in relief as a scale model for military use, in order to visualise building projects on fortifications or campaigns involving fortifications.

In sound processing, the mel-frequency cepstrum ( MFC ) is a representation of the short-term power spectrum of a sound, based on a linear cosine transform of a log power spectrum on a nonlinear mel scale of frequency.

The differential edge detector described below can be seen as a reformulation of Canny's method from the viewpoint of differential invariants computed from a scale space representation leading to a number of advantages in terms of both theoretical analysis and sub-pixel implementation.

Assuming that the image has been pre-smoothed by Gaussian smoothing and a scale space representation at scale has been computed, we can require that the gradient magnitude of the scale space representation, which is equal to the first-order directional derivative in the-direction, should have its first order directional derivative in the-direction equal to zero

In practice, first-order derivative approximations can be computed by central differences as described above, while second-order derivatives can be computed from the scale space representation according to:

A more refined approach to obtain edges with sub-pixel accuracy is by using the approach of differential edge detection, where the requirement of non-maximum suppression is formulated in terms of second-and third-order derivatives computed from a scale space representation ( Lindeberg 1998 ) – see the article on edge detection for a detailed description.