Neither can be adequately systematized until we are able to separate the two and assign the observed phenomena individually to one or the other.

Skeptics may deny the more startling phenomena of dreams as things they have never personally observed, but failure to wonder at their basic mystery is outright avoidance of routine evidence.

There was a tendency in late eighteenth century Enlightenment thought to understand human society as natural phenomena that behaved according to certain principles and that could be observed empirically.

It offers a comprehensive explanation for a broad range of observed phenomena.

Precise modern models of the Big Bang appeal to various exotic physical phenomena that have not been observed in terrestrial laboratory experiments or incorporated into the Standard Model of particle physics.

A true science is constructed on hypotheses, which are arrived at by the virtue of observed phenomena.

In its mathematical form it is analogous to the description of a physical wave, but its " crests " and " troughs " indicate levels of probability for the occurrence of certain phenomena ( e. g., a spark of light at a certain point on a detector screen ) that can be observed in the macro world of ordinary human experience.

However, there are situations where perturbation theory does not adequately describe the observed phenomena, such as bound states and solitons.

The simplest model for this that is in general agreement with observed phenomena is the Cold Dark Matter cosmology ; that is to say that clustering and merging is how galaxies gain in mass, and can also determine their shape and structure.

" Brian Aldiss noted that she could " do the hard stuff magnificently ," while Theodore Sturgeon observed that she " generally starts from a base of hard science, or rationalizes psi phenomena with beautifully finished logic.

but fell out of favor compared to the parametric approach, which modeled phenomena as a physical system that was observed with error, such as in celestial mechanics.

** The family observed pots and pans being thrown around the kitchen, blinds moving up and down, lights going on and off, doors locking themselves, chairs flying across the room, and cupboard doors opening and banging shut before being ripped off their hinges among other phenomena.

Most observed physical phenomena can be described well by quantum mechanics or general relativity, without needing both.

Similar phenomena indirectly observed on stars are commonly called starspots and both light and dark spots have been measured.

In particular, critics allege that no observed phenomena suggest the existence of extraterrestrial intelligence, and furthermore that the assertion of the existence of extraterrestrial intelligence has no good Popperian criteria for falsifiability.

The concept of ' atom ', introduced by Democritus, unified all phenomena observed in nature as the motion of atoms.

In ancient Greek times philosophers speculated that the apparent diversity of observed phenomena was due to a single type of interaction, namely the collisions of atoms.

Theories used in applications are abstractions of observed phenomena and the resulting theorems provide solutions to real-world problems.

For example, no new evidence will demonstrate that the Earth does not orbit around the sun ( heliocentric theory ), or that living things are not made of cells ( cell theory ), that matter is not composed of atoms, or that the surface of the Earth is not divided into solid plates that have moved over geological timescales ( the theory of plate tectonics )... One of the most useful properties of scientific theories is that they can be used to make predictions about natural events or phenomena that have not yet been observed.

Most physicists accept wave-particle duality as the best explanation for a broad range of observed phenomena ; however, it is not without controversy.

At that time, the wave model of light — specifically, the Maxwell theory of electromagnetic radiation — was well accepted among scientists, and experiments by Charles Glover Barkla showed that X-rays exhibited phenomena associated with electromagnetic waves, including transverse polarization and spectral lines akin to those observed in the visible wavelengths.

Only such social facts can explain the observed social phenomena.

Gravitation is responsible for keeping the Earth and the other planets in their orbits around the Sun ; for keeping the Moon in its orbit around the Earth ; for the formation of tides ; for natural convection, by which fluid flow occurs under the influence of a density gradient and gravity ; for heating the interiors of forming stars and planets to very high temperatures ; and for various other phenomena observed on Earth.

Examples of other observed phenomena sometimes described as laws include the Titius-Bode law of planetary positions, Zipf's law of linguistics, Moore's law of technological growth.

In the early work of Max Planck, Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr, the existence of energy in discrete quantities had been postulated, in order to explain phenomena, such as the spectrum of black-body radiation, the photoelectric effect, and the stability and spectrum of atoms such as hydrogen, that had eluded explanation by, and even appeared to be in contradiction with, classical physics.

The philosopher Thales ( 7th and 6 centuries BCE ), dubbed " the Father of Science " for refusing to accept various supernatural, religious or mythological explanations for natural phenomena, proclaimed that every event had a natural cause.

The early physicist Leucippus ( first half of 5th century BCE ) adamantly opposed the idea of direct divine intervention in the universe, instead proposing that natural phenomena had a natural cause.

Last May, a gentleman residing in Edinburgh, personally unknown to me, who had long resided in India, favored me with a letter expressing his approbation of the views which I had published on the nature and causes of hypnotic and mesmeric phenomena.

Although he rejected the transcendental / metaphysical interpretation given to these phenomena outright, Braid accepted that these accounts of Oriental practices supported his view that the effects of hypnotism could be produced in solitude, without the presence of any other person ( as he had already proved to his own satisfaction with the experiments he had conducted in November 1841 ); and he saw correlations between many of the " metaphysical " Oriental practices and his own " rational " neuro-hypnotism, and totally rejected all of the fluid theories and magnetic practices of the mesmerists.

Oddly enough, the truth appears to be that while hypnotic phenomena had been known for many thousands of years, Mesmer did not, in fact, hypnotise his subjects at all.

Because of the superlative storm of 1833 and the recent developments in scientific thought of the time ( see for example the identification of Halley's Comet ) the Leonids have had a major effect on the development of the scientific study of meteors which had previously been thought to be atmospheric phenomena.

A number of surveys have found that many people report having had experiences that could be interpreted as telepathy, precognition, and similar phenomena.

Babylonian astronomers had developed arithmetical techniques for calculating astronomical phenomena ; Greek astronomers such as Hipparchus had produced geometric models for calculating celestial motions.

She noted that although most people " hold their belief in reincarnation quite lightly " and were unclear on the details of their ideas, personal experiences such as past-life memories and near-death experiences had influenced most believers, although only a few had direct experience of these phenomena.

At that time, the astrologer had an important role, responsible for interpreting and predicting the course of government according to the influence of the Sun, Moon, and stars, as well as other phenomena such as solar eclipses and earthquakes.

It is important to note that ancient precedent existed for alternative theories and developments which prefigured later discoveries in the area of physics and mechanics ; but in the absence of a strong empirical tradition, dominance of the Aristotelian school, and in light of the limited number of works to survive translation in an era when many books were lost to warfare, such developments remained obscure for centuries and are traditionally held to have had little effect on the re-discovery of such phenomena ; whereas the invention of the printing press made the wide dissemination of such incremental advances of knowledge commonplace.

Louise is slightly alarmed when she comes above deck, and the two are puzzled by the phenomena that disappears as quickly as it had it shown up.

In that work Gibbs rigorously and ingeniously applied the concepts of thermodynamics to the interpretation of physico-chemical phenomena, successfully explaining and interrelating what had previously been a mass of isolated facts.

Plotinus had an inherent distrust of materiality ( an attitude common to Platonism ), holding to the view that phenomena were a poor image or mimicry ( mimesis ) of something " higher and intelligible " which was the " truer part of genuine Being ".

Yet he faithfully corresponded with his readers, some of whom had taken to investigating reports of anomalous phenomena and sending their findings to Fort " ( Clark 1998, 235 ).

Several centuries later Ionia was the place where western philosophy began and was the homeland of Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes. They were natural-philosophers of the Ionian school of philosophy and tried to explain the phenomena according to no-supernatural laws. They also searched a simple material-form behind the appearances of things ( origin ) and this conception had a great influence on the early archaic art in Greece.

Another example is that his textbook, as late as the 1927 version, unambiguously states the existence of the ether, and mentions Einstein's theory of relativity only in a noncommittal note at the end of the caption under Einstein's portrait, stating as the last in a list of accomplishments that he was " author of the special theory of relativity in 1905 and of the general theory of relativity in 1914, both of which have had great success in explaining otherwise unexplained phenomena and in predicting new ones.