In a dystopian critique of rationalisation, Weber notes that modern society is a product of an individualistic drive of the Reformation, yet at the same time, the society created in this process is less and less welcoming of individualism.

Since counterfactual history is such a recent development, a serious, systematic critique of its uses and methodologies has yet to be made, as the movement itself is still working out those methods and frameworks.

Michel Foucault rejected the label of postmodernism explicitly in interviews yet is seen by many, such as Benhabib, as advocating a form of critique that is " postmodern " in that it breaks with utopian and transcendental " modern " critiques by calling universal norms of the Enlightenment into question.

The minority view is represented by Post Keynesian economists, all of whom accept Keynes ’ s fundamental critique of the neoclassical concept of long-run equilibrium, and some of whom think The General Theory has yet to be properly understood and repays further study.

Heidegger argues that a true understanding of being ( Seinsverständnis ) can only proceed by referring to particular beings, and that the best method of pursuing being must inevitably, he says, involve a kind of hermeneutic circle, that is ( as he explains in his critique of prior work in the field of hermeneutics ), it must rely upon repetitive yet progressive acts of interpretation.

In 2005, after the success of the Jaime Bunda novels, he published Predadores, his sharpest critique of the Angolan ruling class yet.

This is yet another provocative critique of the standard accounts of Indian philosophy and religion.

He rejected it based on his general critique of induction ( see problem of induction ), yet acknowledged its utility as means for inventing conjectures.

The Marxian critique of public finance appears to be rather undeveloped as yet, however.

Of it, Walter Russell Mead in The New York Times Book Review called it a " brilliant book that combines the most lucid exposition yet of the post-cold-war order in Europe with a devastating critique of the Clinton Administration's foreign policy.

“ It was impossible to raise curiosity and expectation to a higher pitch than she has done in her Mysteries of Udolpho ; yet these mysteries she accounted for in a natural manner .” Having been frightened perfectly by Radcliffe before, this critique believed that readers were likely prepared for the twists of The Italian.

While most of his proposals-" to abandon the gold standard, let international exchange rates float, use federal surpluses and deficits as macroeconomic policy tools that could counter cyclical trends, and establish bureaus of economic statistics ( including a consumer price index ) in order to facilitate this effort "-are now conventional practice, his critique of fractional-reserve banking still " remains outside the bounds of conventional wisdom ".

" Benjamin's friend and colleague Gershom Scholem would argue that Benjamin's critique of historical materialism was so definitive that, as Mark Lilla would write, " nothing remains of historical materialism [...] but the term itself.

Intended as a critique of just the Copenhagen interpretation ( the prevailing orthodoxy in 1935 ), the Schrödinger cat thought experiment remains a typical touchstone for limited interpretations of quantum mechanics.

If a change in government policies induces changes in consumers ' behavior on the same time scale, the assumption that consumer behaviour remains unchanged while policy changes is inadmissible as a substantive isolation (→ Lucas critique ).

Calling Jennings ' critique " vitriolic and unfair ," the historian Robert S. Allen has said that Parkman's history of France and England in North America " remains a rich mixture of history and literature which few contemporary scholars can hope to emulate ".

Louis A. Landa presents Swift ’ s A Modest Proposal as a critique of the popular and unjustified maxim of mercantilism in the 18th century that " people are the riches of a nation ".

Adorno's analysis allowed for a critique of mass culture from the left which balanced the critique of popular culture from the right.

However, while the critique from the right emphasized moral degeneracy ascribed to sexual and racial influences within popular culture, Adorno located the problem not with the content, but with the objective realities of the production of mass culture and its effects, e. g. as a form of reverse psychology.

The critic Daniel Mendelsohn wrote a critique of Mad Men in which he also claimed this last decade was a golden age for episodic television, citing Battlestar Galactica, The Wire, and the network series Friday Night Lights as especially deserving of critical and popular attention.

She also said that the popular domestic novels of the 19th century, including Uncle Tom's Cabin, were remarkable for their " intellectual complexity, ambition, and resourcefulness "; and that Uncle Tom's Cabin offers a " critique of American society far more devastating than any delivered by better-known critics such as Hawthorne and Melville.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which describes human needs for self-actualization and creative engagement in work, became a popular tool in this critique.

Robert Tressell's popular novel The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists is a strong example of the era's social critique.

Watching middle aged men openly critique hapless teenagers and young adults proved to be popular television as those watching at home experienced a satisfying sense of schadenfreude.

Carl Wilson describes " an upsurge in pro-pop sentiment among critics " during the early 2000s, a " new generation music critics moved into positions of critical influence " and then " mounted a wholesale critique against the syndrome of measuring all popular music by the norms of rock culture.

Formal and casual criticisms of a work ( a poem, an article, a book, a painting, or a play, for example ) often use the term ' critique ' to refer to any somewhat loosely-applied argument about the quality of the work, typically when used in reference to popular ( loose ) expectations, or conventionality, of a genre or class.

The journal was initially edited by Stuart Hall and was marked by a preoccupation with popular culture and advancing a Marxist critique of contemporary consumer capitalism.

The song 大懶堂 ( Lazy Hall ), using a hypothetical aftermath of winning the lottery as a backdrop to critique Hong Kong's competitive and stressful environment, struck a chord with the listening audience and is arguably the band's most popular hit.

Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the 20th Century ( 1989 ) is a non-fiction book by American rock-music critic Greil Marcus that examines popular music and art as a social critique of Western culture.

While many of Vicente's works were composed to celebrate religious and national festivals or to commemorate events in the life of the royal family, others draw upon popular culture to entertain, and often to critique, Portuguese society of his day.

His almost lifelong critique of the liberal current, marked by his conflicts with Dimitrie Sturdza and Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu, was partly inspired by Junimeas guidelines — in line with the Junimists, Caragiale perceived liberals as agents of Populism, popular Romanticism, and Idealism, as tenets prevalent in the literature of his day.

The film was released in June 1946 to critical and popular acclaim but also a strong critique of the film from director Samuel Fuller, which he sent in the form of a letter to Milestone.

It was a critique often cited by Republicans during the Supreme Court case of Morrison v. Olson, and then became popular among Democrats during Kenneth Starr ’ s three and a half year investigation of President Bill Clinton in the Monica Lewinsky scandal.

Gauntlett's critique of media ' effects ' studies sparked controversy in 1995, and since then he has published a number of books and research on the role of popular media in people's lives.

In 2004, a popular Brazilian film based on Benário's life, Olga, directed by telenovela director Jayme Monjardim, which offered a thoroughly depoliticized account of Olga's life, centered on her love affair with Prestes, was released, to the disappointment of German critique, who called it " kitsch advertising ".

The term was further popularized by the American culture critic James Wolcott in his 2004 book, Attack Poodles and Other Media Mutants: The Looting of the News in a Time of Terror, a critique of popular right-wing TV news personalities who he claims are increasingly dominating the mainstream media in America.

Sauer's theories developed as a critique of environmental determinism, which was a popular theory in the early twentieth century.

This critique therefore insists that the popular Western culture depicts taste that eventually does not fill people with aesthetic and cultural satisfaction.

Edwards ' critique is discussed in a number of academic and popular science books, not all of which endorse his conclusion.

Yuan Zhen was part of the New Yuefu Movement, which involved poets interested in reviving some of the aspects of the yuefu style folk ballad verse popular during the Han Dynasty, with an interest in poetry as a form of political and societal critique.

He followed this with The Poverty of Philosophy ( 1847 ), a response to the French anarcho-socialist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's The Philosophy of Poverty and a critique of French socialist thought in general.

During the Great Depression, there was a general demand for films with a strong social class critique and hopeful, escapist-oriented themes.

They are often interpreted as a leftist critique of the typical Hollywood handling of Mexican revolutions, and of imperialism in general.

On the negative side, general critique included this by American film author George Morris:

The largest effect on the continental tradition with respect to science was Martin Heidegger's critique of the theoretical attitude in general which of course includes the scientific attitude.

After The Economist ran a critique of Amnesty International and human rights in general in its issue dated 24 March 2007, its letters page ran a vibrant reply from Amnesty, as well as several other letters in support of the organisation, including one from the head of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights.

Among other things, Catch-22 is a general critique of bureaucratic operation and reasoning.

Use of VaR in this context, as well as a worthwhile critique on board governance practices as it relates to investment management oversight in general can be found in Best Practices in Governance.

In March he published a subdued but general critique of the Leap, especially its reliance on the mass movement.

Undermining ' whiggish ' narratives was one aspect of the post-World War I re-evaluation of European history in general, and Butterfield's critique exemplified this trend.

In the preface to the first edition Kant explains what he means by a critique of pure reason: " I do not mean by this a critique of books and systems, but of the faculty of reason in general, in respect of all knowledge after which it may strive independently of all experience.

According to philosopher Gianni Vattimo, criticism is used more frequently to denote literary criticism or art criticism, that is the interpretation and evaluation of literature and art ; while critique may be used in the English language to refer to more general and profound writing as Kant's Critique of pure reason.

Ryder was also addressing the general attitude that excluded all nonhumans from the protections offered to humans, now known as the anti-speciesism critique.

In the treatise, Spinoza put forth his most systematic critique of Judaism, and all organized religion in general.

His critique of the quantity theory of money ( 1942 ) prompted his student, Don Patinkin, on to his remarkable " integration " of money into general equilibrium theory.

In general, Marx's critique of capital accumulation is that the human chase after wealth and self-enrichment leads to inhuman consequences.

It is possible-apart from bad health-that he did not write a general critique of the state, because he lived himself as an exile in Britain, and therefore, he might have got into major trouble personally, if he had criticized the state publicly in his writings in ways not acceptable to the British state.

This final critique of writing with which the dialogue concludes seems to be one of the more interesting facets of the conversation for those who seek to interpret Plato in general ; Plato, of course, comes down to us through his numerous written works, and philosophy today is concerned almost purely with the reading and writing of written texts.

Although Döblin's 1920 epic about the Thirty Years ' War was in general favorably received by critics, he was disappointed with the reception because he felt he had created in Wallenstein a peerless work ; as a consequence, he wrote a scathing critique of critics which he published in 1921 under the title Der Epiker, sein Stoff und die Kritik ( The Epic Poet, his Material, and Critique ).

Partly as a response to the Lucas critique, economists of the 1980s and 1990s began to construct microfounded macroeconomic models based on rational choice, which have come to be called dynamic stochastic general equilibrium ( DSGE ) models.

A Bonfire is not only an artistic creation, it is a critique of the societal, political and economical situation of the world in general and the city of Alicante especially.

It also serves as a general critique of British lower-class anti-social behavior, and the nation's welfare system.

This is not, however, a critique of elections in general, and most communists hold that elections of some sort are compatible or even necessary for workers ' democracy.

Carr coined the term " wikicrats " ( a pejorative description of Wikipedia administrators ) in August 2007, as part of a more general critique of what he sees as Wikipedia's tendency to develop ever more elaborate and complex systems of rules and bureaucratic rank or caste over time.