Ptolemy's problem is to forecast where, against the inverted bowl of night, some particular light will be found at future times.

The practical operational problem of lexicostatistics is the establishment of a basic list of items of meaning against which the particular forms or terms of languages can be matched as the medium of comparison.

The monarchies of France and Spain in particular could not be expected to aid those they considered rebels against another legitimate monarch.

For ships, a kedge may be dropped while a ship is underway, or carried out in a suitable direction by a tender or ship's boat to enable the ship to be winched off if aground or swung into a particular heading, or even to be held steady against a tidal or other stream.

Often dismissed as an unreliable tradition, it has been studied with attention by modern scholars, in particular Neil Christie, who see in it a possible record of a formal invitation by the Byzantine state to settle in northern Italy as foederati, to help protect the region against the Franks, an arrangement that may have been disowned by Justin II after Narses ' removal.

Current positions of the ACLU include: opposing the death penalty ; supporting gay marriage and the right of gays to adopt ; supporting birth control and abortion rights ; eliminating discrimination against women, minorities, and gays ; supporting the rights of prisoners and opposing torture ; supporting the right of religious persons to practice their faiths without government interference ; and opposing any government preference for religion over non-religion, or for particular faiths over others.

Broadly, there are two situations: fire against opportunity targets and targets whose engagement is planned as part of a particular operation.

In 1922 the Conservative backbenchers rebelled against the continuation of the coalition, citing in particular the Chanak Crisis over Turkey and Lloyd George's corrupt sale of honours amongst other grievances, and Lloyd George was forced to resign.

In particular, the successful entrapment of Graham Riddick and David Tredinnick in the " cash for questions " scandal, the contemporaneous misconduct as ministers by Neil Hamilton ( who lost a consequent libel action against The Guardian ), Tim Smith, and the convictions of former Cabinet member Jonathan Aitken and former party deputy chairman Jeffrey Archer for perjury in two separate cases leading to custodial sentences damaged the Conservatives ' public reputation.

According to Berlet and Lyons, " Conspiracism is a particular narrative form of scapegoating that frames demonized enemies as part of a vast insidious plot against the common good, while it valorizes the scapegoater as a hero for sounding the alarm ".

Usually includes a felony violation of a criminal rule or act against law, in particular at the expense of people or moral.

Under the latest such decree, president Turbay had implemented security policies that, though of some military value against the M-19 in particular, were considered highly questionable both inside and outside Colombian circles due to numerous accusations of military human rights abuses against suspects and captured guerrillas.

The ELN rejected entering any negotiation and continued to recover itself through the use of extortions and threats, in particular against foreign oil companies of European and U. S. origin.

In particular, the reforms eliminated the office of the Promoter of the Faith ( Latin: promotor fidei ), popularly known as the Devil's advocate, who was required to present a case against canonization.

It takes place when the conditional threat is decided upon by one particular individual or small group, and / or directed against some other individual or small group.

Foreign policy themes were expressed considerably in George Washington's farewell address ; these included among other things, observing good faith and justice towards all nations and cultivating peace and harmony with all, excluding both " inveterate antipathies against particular nations, and passionate attachments for others ", " steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world ", and advocating trade with all nations.

The Dublin Core Abstract Model provides a reference model against which particular DC encoding guidelines can be compared, independent of any particular encoding syntax.

Rather, a dialectical analysis provides an overview and a set of warning signs against particular forms of dogmatism and narrowness of thought.

This small difference in the Sun's position against the stars causes any particular spot on the Earth's surface to catch up with ( and stand directly north or south of ) the Sun about 4 minutes later each day than it would if the Earth did not orbit ; our day is 24 hours long rather than the approximately 23 hour 56 minute sidereal day.

In practice, the accumulation of evidence for or against any particular theory involves planned research designs for the collection of empirical data, and academic rigor plays a large part of judging the merits of research design.

* Advocatus Ecclesiae is the Latin title, in the Middle Ages, of certain lay persons, generally of noble birth, whose duty it was, under given conditions, to represent a particular church or monastery, and to defend its rights against force.

Fideism is not a synonym for religious belief, but describes a particular philosophical proposition in regard to the relationship between faith's appropriate jurisdiction at arriving at truths, contrasted against reason.

In Italian, although to a lesser extent, some analogue words are in use: in particular " ostia " ( host ) and ( more so in the past ) " sacramento " are relatively common expressions in the North / East, which are lighter ( and a little less common ) than the typical blasphemies in use in Italy like " porco Dio " ( pig god ) and " porca Madonna " ( see: Italian profanity ).

In particular, he was influenced by videos directed by Mark Romanek, such as " Closer " and " The Perfect Drug " by Nine Inch Nails, " Bedtime Story " by Madonna, and the many videos that Floria Sigismondi directed for Marilyn Manson.

As the Madonna of the tale, Teresina produces the droves of babies with seemingly no particular help.

Alongside Madonna della Difesa (" Our Lady of La Difesa ", ), it enjoys particular prestige in the Italian community on account of its age.

Some examples of a discourse community might be those who read and / or contribute to a particular academic journal, or members of an email list for Madonna fans.

According to Marius De Vries as recorded by Lucy O ' Brien in her book Madonna: Like an Icon, one of the song's writers, the track's architecture is " distinctly Björkian " and the Icelandic singer " has such a particular and idiosyncratic approach to the construction of lyrics and phrasing ".

This " Cernunnos " type in Celtic iconography is often portrayed with animals, in particular the stag, and also frequently associated with the ram-horned serpent, and less frequently bulls ( at Rheims ), dogs and rats.

Paganism re-surfaces as a topic of fascination in 18th to 19th century Romanticism, in particular in the context of the literary Celtic and Viking revivals, which portrayed historical Celtic and Germanic polytheists as noble savages.

" Synergistic effects of various kinds have played a major causal role in the evolutionary process generally and in the evolution of cooperation and complexity in particular ... Natural selection is often portrayed as a “ mechanism ”, or is personified as a causal agency ...

Various emperors portrayed Sol Invictus on their official coinage, with a wide range of legends, only a few of which incorporated the epithet invictus, such as the legend, claiming the Unconquered Sun as a companion to the Emperor, used with particular frequency by Constantine.

Suzuki notes that mothers, in particular, are portrayed badly, such as Takuto's mother from Zetsuai 1989, who killed her husband in front of her young son.

The government authorities, in particular Imperial Prosecutor Vital Dutour ( played by Vincent Price ) are portrayed as being much more anti-religion than they actually were, and in fact Dutour was himself a devout Catholic who simply thought Bernadette was hallucinating.

His friendship with Beneš and Károlyi may help explain his friendly portrayal of them, in particular Károlyi, whom Taylor portrayed as a saintly figure.

The isolated rhetorical gestures of singers and actors seem to reach out to no-one in particular, and audience members are portrayed stretching and peering to see things that lie beyond the visible space.

The other characters depicted in Rugrats, naturally, include the babies ' parents, who are portrayed as often being easily-distracted, leaving their young children free to emancipate themselves from restraints such as playpens or strollers and venture out for the exploration of that particular episode.

In particular, the charge of the 21st Lancers held special appeal and several artists portrayed the scene including Stanley Berkeley, Robert Alexander Hillingford, Richard Caton Woodville, William Barnes Wollen, Gilbert S. Wright, Edward Mathew Hale, Captain Adrian Jones, Major John C. Mathews, and Allan Stewart.

The subsequent 1964 film adaptation is one of the most notable films of the decade, in particular the famous image of the " golden girl ", portrayed by actress Shirley Eaton.

In the program, Sunshine played many characters ; one particular character portrayed a clever closet homosexual named Vitín Alicea Arévalo, many of whose phrases became household sayings.

) As the continuation of the series makes obvious, in this version, Dracula survives the best efforts of Harker, Van Helsing and company, who are portrayed largely as bungling fools, Van Helsing in particular as a fraud and heretic.

The brothers wrote many of their own songs and Carter had a particular knack for writing deceptively simple lyrics that portrayed strong emotion.

Although the character Melchett did not appear in the third series of Blackadder, Stephen Fry appeared in the final episode as The Duke of Wellington, portrayed as a loud, bellowing and bellicose warmonger with a tendency towards casual violence aimed at the serving classes ( in particular the incompetent and buffoonish Prince Regent, who was then disguised as his own butler ).

For instance, CNN recently portrayed the Samburu practice of young men giving a large number of beads to a particular girl as tantamount to rape, and erroneously stated that no research exists on the tradition despite the fact that anthropological portrayals based on long term studies show it to be largely akin to the U. S. practice of “ going steady .” In a 2009 article MSNBC took readers on a tour through imaginary places purported to be in Samburu District, while asserting that ethnic conflict between Samburu and the neighboring Pokot was the result of both sides starving because they had more cattle than the rangelands could support, although the reporter did not indicate how having too many cattle could make people starve.

As a monkey is a part of the Chinese zodiac, which has been used for centuries in Japan, the creature was sometimes portrayed in paintings of the Edo Period as a tangible metaphor for a particular year.

In particular, the 2001 monolith was capable of faster-than-light transmission, and was generally portrayed as both less malevolent and more of a thinking entity than the one seen in this novel ( in particular, Dave Bowman's transcendence as a star child is now explained as a mundane case of being uploaded onto a computer ).

Due to the grotesque, unsettling mood effect peculiar to wide-angle lenses, films making use of such perspective distortion can often be placed in one of two categories: Grotesque and surreal satire and fantasy, also to some extent black comedy ( Gilliam, Jeunet & Caro, Orson Welles, Dr. Strangelove ) on the one hand, and serious, more realistic films with a particular edge for social criticism on the other, whereas social conventions, collective society, and / or the motives and acts of leaders are portrayed as grotesque and absurd, and often also feature tyrannical characters with conformist values who act out in an extremely hostile and prejudiced way towards individualism and outsiders ( Paths of Glory, Straw Dogs, The Offence ).

Although several personalities in the popular media in Australia, Britain, and the United States have negatively portrayed the usage of HRT, claiming that its use is exhibiting a speaker's insecurities about the statement, more recent evidence ( McLemore, 1991 ; Cheng et al., 2005 ; Warren, 2005 ) shows that leaders of the peer group are more likely to use HRT in their declaratives than the junior members of the particular peer group.

Arjen has stated that he wanted this particular album to be a more flight-and-fancy-free record, or " pure escapism " than the previous albums ' more serious tones, and portrayed his characters in more of a B-Movie light.

He often portrayed the fate of homeless wanderers looking for a place to live, in particular Jews and former citizens of the old Austria-Hungary, who, with the downfall of the monarchy, had lost their only possible Heimat (" true home ").

The events portrayed in A Voyage Round the World By Way of The Great South Sea were disputed by a number of critics, in particular by his Captain of Marines, one William Betagh.