The 1980s saw the decline of the major Japanese film studios and their associated chains of cinemas, with major studios Toho and Toei barely staying in business, Shochiku supported almost solely by the Otoko wa tsurai films, and Nikkatsu declining even further.

It was also the original manufacturer of the Pound Puppies toy line, and in the late 1980s were the U. S. licensees of products inspired by Maple Town, an animated series from Japan's Toei Dōga.

In addition to producing anime for domestic release in Japan, Toei Animation also provided animation work for several American animated series for US companies, dating back as far as the 1960s, but they mostily provided outsourced production work during the 1980s.

In the 1980s, on behalf of Dynamic Planning, Masami Ōbari and other independent animators ( Toshiki Hirano ) not part of Toei Animation began work on a miniseries of Mazinger Z.

The group pioneered the fusion of dancehall reggae and hip hop music and their debut LP Criminal Minded contained frank descriptions of life in the South Bronx of the late 1980s thus setting the stage for what would eventually become gangsta rap.

Particularly in the 1970s and 1980s, there was a significant push to understand the relationships between these climatic parameters and properties of ecosystem energetics because such discoveries would enable the prediction of rates of energy capture and transfer among components within ecosystems.

The M-19 and several smaller guerrilla groups were successfully incorporated into a peace process as the 1980s ended and the 1990s began, which culminated in the elections for a Constituent Assembly of Colombia that would write a new constitution, which took effect in 1991.

Then-Bengals defensive coordinator Dick LeBeau ( who would later be the team's head coach from 2000 – 2002 ) created the zone blitz in the 1980s in response to the West Coast Offense.

After the passing of Chiang Kai-Shek, the next president, Chiang's son, Chiang Ching-kuo, and Chiang Ching-kuo's successor, Lee Teng-hui a native Taiwanese, would, in the 1980s and 1990s, increase native Taiwanese representation in the government and loosen the many authoritarian controls of the early era of ROC control in Taiwan.

A sudden transition to democracy, these experts contend, would result in the economic and political upheaval that occurred in the Soviet Union in the late 1980s, and that by focusing on economic growth, China is setting the stage for a more gradual but sustainable transition to a more politically liberal system.

Concurrently, until the early 1980s, U. S. Navy and U. S. Coast Guard captains selected for promotion to the rank of rear admiral ( lower half ), would wear the same insignia as rear admiral ( upper half ), i. e., two silver stars for collar insignia or sleeve braid of one wide and one narrow gold stripe, even though they were actually only equivalent to one-star officers.

The album has been lauded in many quarters as one of the best examples of a career retrospective for a rock artist, and as a template for the box set collections that would follow in the 1980s and beyond.

In the 1980s, Alec Nove argued that even with the best computers, the calculations would take millions of years

During this decade and the one that followed, Urbina and his archrival, García Moreno, would define the dichotomy — between Liberals from Guayaquil and Conservatives from Quito — that remained the major sphere of political struggle in Ecuador in the 1980s.

At the end of the 1980s the Soviet Union informed Mengistu that it would not be renewing its defense and cooperation agreement.

In the 1980s and 1990s, biologists found that microbial life has an amazing flexibility for surviving in extreme environments-niches that are extraordinarily hot, or acidic, for example-that would be completely inhospitable to complex organisms.

Another 1970s and 1980s application of expert systems, which we today would simply call AI, was in computer games.

Terry Daniher and his brother Neale would come via a trade with South Melbourne, and Roger Merrett joined soon afterwards to form the nucleus of what would become the formidable Essendon sides of the 1980s.

Although Johnson would attest in a 1984 radio interview that the " two tribes " of the song potentially represented any pair of warring adversaries ( giving the examples of " cowboys and Indians or Captain Kirk and Klingons "), the song does contain the line " On the air America / I modelled shirts by Van Heusen ", a clear reference to then US President Ronald Reagan, who had advertised for Phillips Van Heusen in 1953 ( briefly reviving the association in the early 1980s ), and whose first film had been titled Love Is On The Air.

During the 1980s and 1990s, in which Gen Xers would have been teenagers or young adults, the United Kingdom was politically marked by conservative Thatcher-era government followed by the more centrist tenures of John Major ( 1990 – 1997 ) and Tony Blair ( 1997 – 2007 ).

Suggestions during the early 1980s that the Prince of Wales might become the Governor-General came to nothing due to the constitutional difficulty that would be created if Prince Charles became King.

" ( The closing song would be replaced in the early 1980s )

On 1 July 2011, Gaddafi threatened to sponsor attacks against civilians and businesses in Europe in what would be a resumption of his policies of the 1970s and 1980s.

In the 1970s and 1980s it was thought that leg spin would disappear from the game due to the success of West Indian and later Australian teams exclusively using fast bowlers.

In the 1986 limited series The Man of Steel, John Byrne redesigned Lex Luthor from scratch, intending to make him a villain that the 1980s would recognize: an evil corporate executive.

The Brilliant Pebbles defense system proposed during the 1980s would have used kinetic energy collisions without explosives.

In the late 1980s, the warm up stretches performed by Merv Hughes would often be mimicked by the crowd at Bay 13.

Finally, Accent was tightly coupled with the hardware platform on which it was developed, and at the time in the early 1980s it appeared there would soon be an explosion of new platforms, many of them massively parallel.

Among the important novelists of the 1980s were Rachid Mimouni, later vice-president of Amnesty International, and Tahar Djaout, murdered by an Islamist group in 1993 for his secularist views.

The Clintons ' personal and business affairs during the 1980s included transactions that became the basis of the Whitewater investigation that dogged his later presidential administration.

The B5500 came a few years later ; followed by the B6500 / B6700 in the later 1960s, the B7700 in the mid 1970s, and the A series in the 1980s.

His oldest son, Béla Bartók, Jr., remained in Hungary where he survived the war and later worked as a railroad official until his retirement in the early 1980s.

British businessman Bernie Ecclestone owned Brabham during most of the 1970s and 1980s, and later became responsible for administering the commercial aspects of Formula One.

Paul Abbott was a story editor on the programme in the 1980s and began writing episodes in 1989, but left in 1993 to produce Cracker, for which he later wrote, before creating his own highly acclaimed dramas such as Touching Evil and Shameless.

At the end of the 1980s, the word " cartoon " was shortened, and the word " toon " came into usage with the live action / animated feature Who Framed Roger Rabbit ( 1988 ), followed two years later by the TV series Tiny Toon Adventures ( 1990 ).

The idiom made a brief appearance in the UK-based DJ reggae music of the 1980s in the hit " Cockney Translation " by Smiley Culture of South London ; this was followed a couple of years later by Domenick and Peter Metro's " Cockney and Yardie ".

In the 1980s, several US military projects involving software subcontractors ran over-budget and were completed far later than planned, if at all.

Christian alternative music has its roots in the early 1980s, as the earliest efforts at Christian punk and new wave were recorded by artists like Andy McCarroll and Moral Support, Undercover, The 77s, Adam Again, Quickflight, Daniel Amos, Youth Choir ( later renamed The Choir ), Lifesavers Underground, Michael Knott, The Altar Boys, Breakfast with Amy, Steve Taylor, 4-4-1, David Edwards and Vector.

Four years later, Dirk gained further popularity as con-man Lieutenant Templeton " Face " Peck in 1980s action television series, The A-Team.

He guest-starred much later in his career in episodes of The Muppet Show, The Cosby Show and in the 1980s revival of The Twilight Zone.

Developed in the 1960s, tourism declined greatly during the later 1970s and the 1980s under the military government.

Originally employed by the Mathematisch Centrum in Amsterdam, he held a professorship at the Eindhoven University of Technology, worked as a research fellow for Burroughs Corporation in the early 1980s, and later held the Schlumberger Centennial Chair in Computer Sciences at the University of Texas at Austin, in the United States.

Support for Communists decreased sharply in the early 1980s, while later on the same decade environmentalists formed the Green League, which is now a medium-sized party.

Japanese cinema later became one of the main inspirations behind the New Hollywood movement of the 1960s to 1980s.

In contrast, film theoreticians in England began integrating critical theory based perspectives drawn from psychoanalysis, semiotics, and Marxism, and eventually these ideas gained hold within the American scholarly community in the later 1970s and 1980s.

During the early 1980s, Cossiga attacked several times the antimafia judges and spoke in favour of judge Corrado Carnevale, a member of the Corte di Cassazione ( Italy's supreme court ) who had annulled numerous sentences against mafia leaders and was later tried for these actions.

While there is no universally agreed upon time frame, demographers, historians and commentators use beginning birth dates from the early 1960s to the early 1980s ; typically no later than 1982.

For example decades later in the 1980s, the myth was still going strong.

The 1980s saw a wave of gory " B movie " horror films – although most of them were panned by critics, many became cult classics and later saw success with critics.

The early 1980s also saw a number of experimental " hyperediting " functions in word processors and hypermedia programs, many of whose features and terminology were later analogous to the World Wide Web.

Initially a musician who achieved artistic and commercial success in the 1970s and 1980s, he has been called " the Netherlands ' greatest and only rock ' n ' roll star ," later in life he became a well-known painter.