Then, p < sup > 2 </ sup > is the fraction of the population homozygous for the first allele, 2pq is the fraction of heterozygotes, and q < sup > 2 </ sup > is the fraction homozygous for the alternative allele.

If the first allele is dominant to the second, then the fraction of the population that will show the dominant phenotype is p < sup > 2 </ sup > + 2pq, and the fraction with the recessive phenotype is q < sup > 2 </ sup >.

The first case was done by the Gorenstein – Walter theorem which showed that the only simple groups are isomorphic to L < sub > 2 </ sub >( q ) for q odd or A < sub > 7 </ sub >, the second and third cases were done by the Alperin – Brauer – Gorenstein theorem which implies that the only simple groups are isomorphic to L < sub > 3 </ sub >( q ) or U < sub > 3 </ sub >( q ) for q odd or M < sub > 11 </ sub >, and the last case was done by Lyons who showed that U < sub > 3 </ sub >( 4 ) is the only simple possibility.

Thus if a represents Socrates then Phil ( a ) asserts the first proposition, p ; if a instead represents Plato then Phil ( a ) asserts the second proposition, q.

* Connect ( m, n, k, p, q ) games are another generalization of gomoku to a board with m × n intersections, k in a row needed to win, p stones for each player to place, and q stones for the first player to place for the first move only.

The oracle machine is initialized with the work tape containing some input with finitely many 1's and the rest of the tape blank, the oracle tape containing the characteristic function of the oracle, A, and the Turing machine in state q < sub > 0 </ sub > with read / write head reading the first nonblank cell of the work tape, and oracle head reading the cell of the oracle tape which corresponds to.

The theorem of quadratic reciprocity ( which he had first succeeded in proving in 1796 ) relates the solvability of the congruence x < sup > 2 </ sup > ≡ q ( mod p ) to that of x < sup > 2 </ sup > ≡ p ( mod q ).

He supposes that a billiard ball is thrown at random onto a billiard table, and that the probabilities p and q are the probabilities that subsequent billiard balls will fall above or below the first ball.

The first few values of q ( n ) are ( starting with q ( 0 )= 1 ):

In consideration of the first equation, without loss of generality let p = cos θ, q = sin θ ; then either t = − q, u = p or t = q, u = − p.

To prove that ( 1 ) implies ( 3 ), first note that any member of B is in the set ( ker t + im q ).

Hamilton's principle states that the physical path q ( t )— the one actually taken by the system — is a path for which infinitesimal variations in that path cause no change in I, at least up to first order.

The first four methods are called directed rounding, as the displacements from the original number y to the rounded value q are all directed towards or away from the same limiting value ( 0, +∞, or −∞).

More generally, the same question can be asked about the number of primes in any arithmetic progression a + nq for any integer n. In one of the first applications of analytic techniques to number theory, Dirichlet proved that any arithmetic progression with a and q coprime contains infinitely many primes.

16 Feb. 2012 < http :// books. google. com / books? id = ueqiU1LWMMcC & pg = PA469 & dq =% 22bobby + wheeler % 22 + taxi & hl = en & sa = X & ei = mG88T-DjGaeOiAL2tui0AQ & ved = 0CDwQ6AEwADgK # v = onepage & q & f = false >.</ ref > He had appeared in an episode of The Mary Tyler Moore Show for the same producers, and, he said in 1987, was originally considered for the role of John Burns, which eventually went to Randall Carver:

As of 2010, there are 377 objects with perihelion ( q ) > 40 AU and aphelion ( Q ) < 47AU.

where Q,,, q < sub > 0 </ sub > and F are defined the same way as a PDA.

In the episode " Q2 ", which is the last televised appearance of Q, Q appears on Voyager with his immature, rebellious son, who appears as a human teenager ( played by John de Lancie's real-life son Keegan de Lancie, and referred to in the novels as " Little Q " or " q ").

More generally, if a family of seminorms Q defines the topology on Y, then the seminorms p < sub > q, x </ sub > on L ( X, Y ) defining the strong topology are given by

indexed by q ∈ Q and x ∈ X.

The quantum circuits used for this algorithm are custom designed for each choice of N and the random a used in f ( x ) = a < sup > x </ sup > mod N. Given N, find Q = 2 < sup > q </ sup > such that < math > N ^ 2

For example, in the category Div of divisible ( abelian ) groups and group homomorphisms between them there are monomorphisms that are not injective: consider, for example, the quotient map q: Q → Q / Z, where Q is the rationals under addition, Z the integers ( also considered a group under addition ), and Q / Z is the corresponding quotient group.

In X-FEN, the castling markings " KQkq " have their expected meanings: " Q " and " q " mean a-side castling is still legal ( for White and Black respectively ), and " K " and " k " mean h-side castling is still legal ( for White and Black respectively ).

However, if there is more than one rook on the baseline on the same side of the king, and the rook that can castle is not the outermost rook on that side, then the file letter ( uppercase for White ) of the rook that can castle is used instead of " K ", " k ", " Q ", or " q "; in X-FEN notation, castling potentials belong to the outermost rooks by default.

: An automaton is represented formally by a 5-tuple ( Q, Σ, δ, q < sub > 0 </ sub >, F ), where:

:* q < sub > 0 </ sub > is the start state, that is, the state of the automaton before any input has been processed, where q < sub > 0 </ sub >∈ Q.

: A sequence of states q < sub > 0 </ sub >, q < sub > 1 </ sub >, q < sub > 2 </ sub >,...., q < sub > n </ sub >, where q < sub > i </ sub > ∈ Q such that q < sub > 0 </ sub > is the start state and q < sub > i </ sub > = δ ( q < sub > i-1 </ sub >, a < sub > i </ sub >) for 0 < i ≤ n, is a run of the automaton on an input word w

And to " measure " is to place a shorter measuring length s successively ( q times ) along longer length l until the remaining portion r is less than the shorter length s. In modern words, remainder r = l − q * s, q being the quotient, or remainder r is the " modulus ", the integer-fractional part left over after the division.

Here, the internal state ( q < sub > 1 </ sub >) is shown inside the head, and the illustration describes the tape as being infinite and pre-filled with " 0 ", the symbol serving as blank.

Equally probable is any other string of four characters allowed by the typewriter, such as " GGGG ", " mATh ", or " q % 8e ".

Thus for English the " e " box is the largest while the " j ", " k ", " q ", " x ", and " z " boxes are the smallest.

It is associated with the following components: 金, 钅, 勹, 儿, 夕, as well as the hook at the top of 饣 and 角, the radical 犭 without the lower left-falling stroke ( so characters with that radical start with " qt ", not just " q "), the criss-cross ( such as in the center of 区 ), the top of 鱼 ( i. e., without the horizontal stroke at the bottom ), and the three ( nearly vertical ) " feet " in the bottom right corner of 流.

Kaufman's proposed date of about 2200 BCE would require two regular phonological ( sound ) changes that are attested in all Maya languages, " r " changing to " y " and " q " to " k ", to have happened independently after the split, in both the Huastec / Chicomuceltec branch and in the branch of all other Mayan languages.

Consider a Lagrangian which does not depend on an (" ignorable ", as above ) coordinate q < sub > k </ sub >; so it is invariant ( symmetric ) under changes q < sub > k </ sub > → q < sub > k </ sub > + δq < sub > k </ sub >.

The Russian-influenced system is easily identified by its pronounced use of uncommon letters such as " q ", " x ", and " z "; when tones are included, they are noted via tone marks.

Koppa has also sometimes been replaced by a lowercase Latin " q ", a mirrored uppercase " P ", or a " 5 " turned upside down.

It differs from the original Graffiti system in various ways, though it does recognize some of the original keystrokes ( except the input method for punctuation and " i ", " k ", " q ", " t " and " 4 ").

In propositional logic these are treated as two unrelated propositions, denoted for example by p and q.

Say to one of these gentlemen, by way of experiment, if you please, that you believe occasions may occur where x squared + px is not altogether equal to q, and, having made him understand what you mean, get out of his reach as speedily as convenient, for, beyond doubt, he will endeavor to knock you down.

The prefix q was introduced to avoid the prefix o being mistaken for a zero, while the prefix 0o was introduced to avoid starting a numerical literal with an alphabetic character ( like o or q ), since these might cause the literal to be confused with a variable name.

Therefore, these processes are also known as Umklapp ( U ) processes and can only occur when phonons with sufficiently large q-vectors are excited, because unless the sum of q < sub > 2 </ sub > and q < sub > 3 </ sub > points outside of the Brillouin zone the momentum is conserved and the process is normal scattering ( N-process ).

If these groups have N < sub > p </ sub > and N < sub > q </ sub > elements, respectively, then for any point P on the original curve, by Lagrange's theorem, k > 0 is minimal such that on the curve modulo p implies that k divides N < sub > p </ sub >; moreover,.

If the distance between these two points is very small: δn, and a stream of flow passes between these points with an average velocity, q perpendicular to the line AB, the volume flow rate per unit thickness, δΨ is given by:

Similarly k = g < sup >– p </ sup > ( mod N ) for any non-zero index k and for a unique p in 0 ,..., N – 2, where the negative exponent denotes the multiplicative inverse of g < sup > p </ sup > modulo N. That means that we can rewrite the DFT using these new indices p and q as:

* The eigenvalues of Frobenius on H ( U, E ) can now be estimated as they are the zeros of the zeta function of the sheaf E. This zeta function can be written as an Euler product of zeta functions of the stalks of E, and using the estimate for the eigenvalues on these stalks shows that this product converges for | T |< q < sup >− d / 2 − 1 / 2 </ sup >, so that there are no zeros of the zeta function in this region.

), whereas Brāhmī did not have Aramaic's emphatic consonants ( – the dot diacritic here has a different meaning from the retroflex stops of Brāhmī ), and it appears that these unneeded emphatic letters filled in for Brāhmī's aspirates: Aramaic q for Brāhmī kh, Aramaic ( Θ ) for Brāhmī th (), etc.

The Latin letters q, w, x and y also do not have an equivalent as these do not stand for separate phonemes in Hungarian but are only used to spell foreign words.

All these subgroups are conjugate, where conjugation is given by translation from p to q ( which is uniquely defined ), however, no particular subgroup is a natural choice, since no point is special – this corresponds to the multiple choices of transverse subgroup, or splitting of the short exact sequence

When q ≥ 2 these curves are inherent to the geometry ( unsurprisingly, as any space with more than one temporal dimension will contain closed timelike curves ), but when q = 1, they can be eliminated by passing to the universal covering space, effectively " unrolling " the embedding.

When followed by i these letters correspond to the alveolo-palatal sounds ( Pinyin j, q, and x ); otherwise they correspond to the retroflex sounds ( Pinyin zh, ch, and sh ).

In the limit as, these relations approach the relations for the universal enveloping algebra U ( G ), where and as q → 1, where the element,, of the Cartan subalgebra satisfies for all h in the Cartan subalgebra.

The counit on U < sub > q </ sub >( A ) is the same for all these coproducts:,,, and the respective antipodes for the above coproducts are given by

Numerous hybrids, mostly behaving as true species reproducing by apomixis, occur between rowans and whitebeams ; these are variably intermediate between their parents but generally more resemble whitebeams and are usually grouped with them ( q. v.

If X has dimension at most n and F is a torsion sheaf then these cohomology groups with compact support vanish if q > 2n, and if in addition X is affine of finite type over a separably closed field the cohomology groups vanish for q > n ( for the last statement, see SGA 4, XIV, Cor. 3. 2 ).

In each of these cases, the transfer of q occurs as it passes through two surfaces, the first S < sub > 1 </ sub > and the second S < sub > 2 </ sub >.

Of these, 18 belong to the normal futhark series, q. e.

adds text ἀρχομένων δὲ τούτων γίνεσθαι ἀναβλέψατε καὶ ἐπάρατε τὰς κεφαλὰς ὑμῶν διότι ἐγγίζει ἡ ἀπολύτρωσις ὑμῶν ( But when these things begin happening, look up and lift up your heads, because that your redemption is approaching ) with 1093 it < sup > b, c, d, h, q, r < sup > 1 </ sup ></ sup >