They may have additional optical capabilities such as range-finding and targeting.

A rangefinder camera is a camera fitted with a rangefinder: a range-finding focusing mechanism allowing the photographer to measure the subject distance and take photographs that are in sharp focus.

At the top of the headland is a range-finding, and navigation tower built by the German occupying forces during the Second World War.

Technological advances in telecommunications and information technology, coupled with state-of-the-art microchip, RFID ( Radio Frequency Identification ), and inexpensive intelligent beacon sensing technologies, have enhanced the technical capabilities that will facilitate motorist safety benefits for intelligent transportation systems globally.

Remote sensing located in East campus, rail management factory in city campus, and some other remote research centers on telecommunications and wireless technology are also located in residential districts of the campus.

Satellites in this series were placed in either low Earth orbit or geostationary orbit and carried out a variety of purposes: testing, remote sensing, telecommunications, meteorology, and scientific studies.

An example of the former is choosing an appropriate sensing threshold to detect other users, while the latter is exemplified by the need to meet the rules and regulations set out for radio spectrum access in international ( ITU radio regulations ) and national ( telecommunications law ) legislation.

Today Kista Science City is a vibrant cluster of ICT industries with more than 20 000 people involved in developing next generation 4G mobile telecommunications and Information and Communications solutions.

Recent administrations have expanded competition in ports, railroads, telecommunications, electricity generation, natural gas distribution and airports, with the aim of upgrading infrastructure.

The government reports foreign investment inflows totaled $ 506 million in 2008, including $ 123 million in telecommunications infrastructure and $ 120 million in energy generation.

Silcar operates across a range of industries and essential services including power generation, electrical distribution, manufacturing, mining and telecommunications.

"... both specific functional modes – highways, streets, roads, and bridges ; mass transit ; airports and airways ; water supply and water resources ; wastewater management ; solid-waste treatment and disposal ; electric power generation and transmission ; telecommunications ; and hazardous waste management – and the combined system these modal elements comprise.

The returns to investment in infrastructure are very significant, with on average thirty to forty percent returns for telecommunications ( ICT ) investments, over forty percent for electricity generation, and eighty percent for roads.

Crystal filters can be found today in radio communications, telecommunications, signal generation, and GPS devices.

3G, short for 3rd Generation, is a term used to represent the 3rd generation of mobile telecommunications technology.

The Open Service Access or OSA is part of the third generation mobile telecommunications network or UMTS.

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 ( 3GPP2 ) is a collaboration between telecommunications associations to make a globally applicable third generation ( 3G ) mobile phone system specification within the scope of the ITU's IMT-2000 project.

In telecommunications, 4G is the fourth generation of cell phone mobile communications standards.

In 2006, the Chinese government announced that the armaments, power generation and distribution, oil and petrochemicals, telecommunications, coal, aviation and shipping industries had to remain under " absolute state control " and public ownership by law.

During his career SCM has grown to be one of Ukraine ’ s leading financial and industrial firms with assets including over 100 businesses in metals and mining, power generation, banking and insurance, telecommunications, media and real estate ; and revenues of around $ 12. 8 billion and has assets worth over $ 22. 7 billion.

* Standard-developing organization, an organization with the scope of establishing national, regional or international engineering standards ( e. g. on telecommunications, information technology, power generation, quality )

* Transmission medium, in physics and telecommunications, any material substance which can propagate waves or energy

In electrical engineering and telecommunications, attenuation affects the propagation of waves and signals in electrical circuits, in optical fibers, as well as in air ( radio waves ).

In telecommunications and antenna design, an image antenna is an electrical mirror-image of an antenna element formed by the radio waves reflecting from a conductive surface called a ground plane, such as the surface of the earth.

In electronics and telecommunications a transmitter or radio transmitter is an electronic device which, with the aid of an antenna, produces radio waves.

URSI's original objective ( to encourage " scientific studies of radiotelegraphy, especially those which require international cooperation ") has been broadened to include all radio science, from telecommunications to radio astronomy, acquisition of radar information about distant passive objects, studies of the radiation stimulated or spontaneously emitted by these objects, biological effects of electromagnetic radiation and active modification of objects by radio waves, within the spectrum from extremely low frequency to the optical domain.

For other uses of radio waves in telecommunications, see: Category: Wireless.

When a ground station successfully transmits radio waves to a spacecraft ( or vice versa ), it establishes a telecommunications link.

Terrestrial stationary waves were first observed by Tesla and formed the basis for his plans regarding the transmission of electrical energy without wires for the purposes of simultaneous point-to-point telecommunications, broadcasting, and the transmission of electrical power.

He kept up massive investments in infrastructure — highways, telecommunications, hydroelectric dams, mineral extraction, factories, and atomic energy.

In telecommunications, asynchronous communication is transmission of data without the use of an external clock signal, where data can be transmitted intermittently rather than in a steady stream .< ref >

Jitter is the undesired deviation from true periodicity of an assumed periodic signal in electronics and telecommunications, often in relation to a reference clock source.

In telecommunications, the principal clock of a set of redundant clocks, is the clock that is selected for normal use.

In telecommunications and electronics, a self-clocking signal is one that can be decoded without the need for a separate clock signal or other source of synchronization.

In telecommunications, 8b / 10b is a line code that maps 8-bit symbols to 10-bit symbols to achieve DC-balance and bounded disparity, and yet provide enough state changes to allow reasonable clock recovery.

They took on the licence from the British Post Office to manufacture complete clocks for the telecommunications authorities of Denmark, Sweden and the Republic of Ireland, and a third ( spare ) clock for the British Post Office.

* Building Integrated Timing Supply, a standard for distributing a precision clock among telecommunications equipment

Such " clock synchronization " is used in synchronization in telecommunications and automatic baud rate detection.

* Stratum is used to describe the quality of a clock used for synchronization in telecommunications.

The Media and telecommunications in Belarus are dominated by the state which owns most of the corporations and infrastructure.

In 2009, the state monopolies on insurance and telecommunications ( in which one often needed to wait months to get a cellular phone line ) were opened to private-sector competition.

The government hopes to bring foreign investment, technology, and management into the telecommunications and electrical power sectors, which are monopolies of the state.

The European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations ( CEPT ) was established on June 26, 1959, as a coordinating body for European state telecommunications and postal organizations.

They also include lack of infrastructure, particularly in the transportation, telecommunications, and electricity sectors, although the state telephone company and electricity distribution were privatized in 1998.

During the governments of General Juan Alberto Melgar ( 1975 – 78 ) and General Policarpo Paz ( 1978 – 82 ), Honduras built most of its physical infrastructure and electricity and terrestrial telecommunications systems, both of which are state monopolies.

There are two major mobile telephone operators, Ikatel ( a subsidiary of Sonatel, of Senegal ) and Malitel ( a subsidiary of SOTELMA, the state owned telecommunications company ).

* SONITEL: state owned telecommunications company.

As the United States never had a single nationalized telephone service ( or even the same firm for every part of a state ), and with the deregulation of its major telecommunications providers, there was no incentive to be consistent with the rest of the world.

The state possessed all telecommunications structure and access networks.

In the early 2000s, the state telecommunications agency, Tajiktelekom, received international aid to upgrade the telephone system.

Until 1982, the main civil telecommunications system in the UK was a state monopoly known ( since reorganisation in 1969 ) as Post Office Telecommunications.

In telecommunications, bit inversion means the changing of the state of a bit to the opposite state, i. e. the changing of a 0 bit to 1 or of a 1 bit to 0.

In NS / EP telecommunications services, " provisioning " equates to " initiation " and includes altering the state of an existing priority service or capability.

And according to the Congressional Budget Office, in 2004 the U. S. invested $ 400 billion in infrastructure capital across federal, state, and local levels including the private sectors on transportation networks, schools, highways, water systems, energy, and telecommunications services.

This programme of dirigisme, mostly implemented by governments between 1944 and 1983, involved the state control of certain industries such as transportation, energy and telecommunications as well as various incentives for private corporations to merge or engage in certain projects.

* Privatization of state enterprises ; Promoting market provision of goods and services which the government cannot provide as effectively or efficiently, such as telecommunications, where having many service providers promotes choice and competition.

She served in elective office for eighteen years, as the Mayor of Juneau, as a state representative and as Lieutenant Governor of Alaska, where she became a nationally recognized leader in election reform ( Alaska became the first state to replace the punched card system with an optical scanning ballot counting system ) and making government more efficient and accessible through telecommunications.

Listed among the top three office parks in Washington state for 2005 by Washington CEO Magazine, the park offers office space with high-speed, redundant telecommunications links and dedicated utility infrastructure.

The California Public Utilities Commission ( or CPUC ) is a Public Utilities Commission that officially regulates the privately owned electric, natural gas, telecommunications, water, railroad, rail transit, and passenger transportation companies that operate in the state of California.

Hence competition law is closely connected with the law on deregulation of access to markets, providing state aids and subsidies, the privatisation of state-owned assets and the use of independent sector regulators, such as the United Kingdom telecommunications watchdog Ofcom.

One key provision allowed the FCC to preempt state or local legal requirements that acted as a barrier to entry in the provision of interstate or intrastate telecommunications service.