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# and vaccine
# Exposure to ultraviolet light: Concentration of ultraviolet light ( particularly UVB light ) from the Sun may have some effect on efficacy of the BCG vaccine.
# An inactivated vaccine consists of virus or bacteria that are grown in culture and then killed using a method such as heat or formaldehyde.
# A subunit vaccine presents an antigen to the immune system without introducing viral particles, whole or otherwise.
# Recombinant products: insulin, hepatitis B vaccine, interferon, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, streptokinase
DPT and vaccine
In children under the age of seven, the tetanus vaccine is often administered as a combined vaccine, DPT / DTaP vaccine, which also includes vaccines against diphtheria and pertussis.
In the United States, for example, there were 52 reported cases of diphtheria between 1980 and 2000 ; between 2000 and 2007, there were only three cases as the diphtheria – pertussis – tetanus ( DPT ) vaccine is recommended for all school-age children.
* Another name for the DPT vaccine, a triple vaccine used to inoculate against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis
The pertussis component of the DPT vaccine accounted for most of the minor local and systemic side effects in many vaccinated infants ( such as mild fever or soreness at the injection site ).
Much of the controversy surrounding the DPT vaccine in the 1970s and 1980s related to the question of whether the whole-cell pertussis component caused permanent brain injury in rare cases, called pertussis vaccine encephalopathy.
No studies showed a causal connection, and later studies showed no connection of any type between administration of the DPT vaccine and permanent brain injury.
However, before that point, criticism of the studies showing no connection and a few well-publicized anecdotal reports of permanent disability that were blamed on the DPT vaccine gave rise to anti-DPT movements in the 1970s.
In the United States, low profit margins and an increase in vaccine-related lawsuits led many manufacturers to stop producing the DPT vaccine by the early 1980s.
In 1982, the television documentary " DPT: Vaccine Roulette " depicted the lives of children whose severe disabilities were inaccurately blamed on the DPT vaccine by reporter Lea Thompson.
The majority of claims that have been filed through the NCVIA have been related to injuries allegedly caused by the whole-cell DPT vaccine.
Immunization ( which is impermanent and must be repeated periodically ) instead utilizes the less deadly toxoid derived from the toxin, as in the tetanus vaccine and some combination vaccines such as DPT.
It is funded by a 75 cent excise tax on vaccines sold in the country and was established after a scare in the 1980s over the DPT vaccine: even though claims of side effects were later generally discredited, large jury awards had been given to some claimants of DPT vaccine injuries, and most DPT vaccine makers had ceased production.
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