He also offers a conversion table ( see Cohen, 1988, p. 283 ) for eta squared ( η < sup > 2 </ sup >) where 0. 0099 constitutes a small effect, 0. 0588 a medium effect and 0. 1379 a large effect.

## < tt > SubBytes </ tt >— a non-linear substitution step where each byte is replaced with another according to a lookup table.

In the < tt > SubBytes </ tt > step, each byte in the state is replaced with its entry in a fixed 8-bit lookup table, S ; b < sub > ij </ sub > = S ( a < sub > ij </ sub >).

On systems with 32-bit or larger words, it is possible to speed up execution of this cipher by combining the < tt > SubBytes </ tt > and < tt > ShiftRows </ tt > steps with the < tt > MixColumns </ tt > step by transforming them into a sequence of table lookups.

A round then be done with 16 table lookups and 12 32-bit exclusive-or operations, followed by four 32-bit exclusive-or operations in the < tt > AddRoundKey </ tt > step.

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An alternate form of ( 2 ) – the machine successively prints all n of the digits on its tape, halting after printing the n < sup > th </ sup > – emphasizes Minsky's observation: ( 3 ) That by use of a Turing machine, a finite definition – in the form of the machine's table – is being used to define what is a potentially-infinite string of decimal digits.

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< table class =" wikitable ">< caption > DHCPDISCOVER </ caption >

< table class =" wikitable ">< caption > DHCPOFFER </ caption >

< table class =" wikitable ">< caption > DHCPREQUEST </ caption >

< table class =" wikitable ">< caption > DHCPACK </ caption >

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< div style =" background: # ccddcc ; text-align: center ; border: 1px solid # 667766 " class =" NavHead "> Ancestors of Constantius II

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< div style =" background :# cdc ; text-align: center ; border: 1px solid # 676 ;" class =" NavHead "> Ancestors of Caligula

< div style =" text-align: center ; border: none "> Correlation of swimming behaviour and flagellar rotation </ div >

< div style =" text-align: center ; border: none "> Domain structure of chemotaxis receptor for Asp </ div >

< div style =" text-align: center ; border: none "> Signalling pathways of E. coli </ div >

< div style =" text-align: center ; border: none "> Difference of gradient sensing in prokaryotes and eukaryotes </ div >

< div style =" text-align: center ; border: none "> Chemotaxis related migratory responses </ div >

< div style =" text-align: center ; border: none "> Chemotactic selection </ div >

< div style =" text-align: center ; border: none "> Structure of chemokine classes </ div >

< div style =" text-align: center ; border: none "> Three dimensional structure of chemokines </ div >

< div style =" text-align: center ; border: none "> Chemotactic range fitting </ div >

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< div style =" border: none ; width: 180px ;">< div class =" thumbcaption "> Ernst Haeckel ( left ) and Eugenius Warming ( right ), two founders of ecology </ div ></ div ></ div >

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< div style =" border: none ; width: 375px ;">< div class =" thumbcaption "> Left: Energy flow diagram of a frog.

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< div style =" background: # ccddcc ; text-align: center ; border: 1px solid # 667766 " class =" NavHead "> Ancestors of Edmund I of England

< span style =" background-color :# 808080 ; color: black ;"> depletion </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# 0000FF ; color: white ;"> electrons </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# FF0000 ; color: black ;"> holes </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# 000000 ; color: white ;"> metal </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# FFFFFF ; color: black ; border: 1px solid black ;"> insulator </ span >.