One example of this ( from the Queen's Bench in England ) is Doyle v Olby ( Ironmongers ) Ltd 2 QB 158, the claimant appealed ( successfully ) on the basis that, although he won in the court below, the lower court had applied the wrong measure of damages and he had not been fully recompensated.

It was the mutual bond and obligation between monarch and subjects, whereby subjects are called his liege subjects, because they are bound to obey and serve him ; and he is called their liege lord, because he should maintain and defend them ( Ex parte Anderson ( 1861 ) 3 El & El 487 ; 121 ER 525 ; China Navigation Co v Attorney-General ( 1932 ) 48 TLR 375 ; Attorney-General v Nissan 1 All ER 629 ; Oppenheimer v Cattermole 3 All ER 1106 ).

Where territory is occupied in the course of hostilities by an enemy's force, even if the annexation of the occupied country is proclaimed by the enemy, there can be no change of allegiance during the progress of hostilities on the part of a citizen of the occupied country ( R v Vermaak ( 1900 ) 21 NLR 204 ( South Africa )).

Allegiance is owed both to the Sovereign as a natural person and to the Sovereign in the political capacity ( Re Stepney Election Petition, Isaacson v Durant ( 1886 ) 17 QBD 54 ( per Lord Coleridge CJ )).

A natural-born subject owes allegiance wherever they may be, so that where territory is occupied in the course of hostilities by an enemy's force, even if the annexation of the occupied country is proclaimed by the enemy, there can be no change of allegiance during the progress of hostilities on the part of a citizen of the occupied country ( R v Vermaak ( 1900 ) 21 NLR 204 ( South Africa )).

In the Euclidean plane, the angle θ between two vectors u and v is related to their dot product and their lengths by the formula

Access Now v. Southwest Airlines was a case where the District Court decided that the website of Southwest Airlines was not in violation of the Americans with Disability Act because the ADA is concerned with things with a physical existence and thus cannot be applied to cyberspace.

There is no distinction made in Scotland between assault and battery ( which is not a term used in Scots law ), although, as in England and Wales, assault can be occasioned without a physical attack on another's person, as demonstrated in Atkinson v. HM Advocate wherein the accused was found guilty of assaulting a shop assistant by simply jumping over a counter wearing a ski mask.

His chief work is a Historia Francorum, or Libri v de Gestis Francorum, which deals with the history of the Franks from the earliest times to 653, and was continued by other writers until the middle of the twelfth century.

* 1905 – The Supreme Court of the United States decides Lochner v. New York which holds that the " right to free contract " is implicit in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution.

In the 2006 case before the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, Ballard v. Burton, Judge Carl E. Stewart writing for the Court held that an Alford guilty plea is a " variation of an ordinary guilty plea ".

* 1818 – The case of Ashford v Thornton ends, with Abraham Thornton allowed to go free rather than face a retrial for murder, after his demand for trial by battle is upheld.

* 2000 – United States v. Microsoft: Microsoft is ruled to have violated United States antitrust laws by keeping " an oppressive thumb " on its competitors.

* 2010 – California's Proposition 8, the ballot initiative prohibiting same-sex marriage passed by the state's voters in 2008, is overturned by Judge Vaughn Walker in the case Perry v. Schwarzenegger.

In terms of ultra vires actions in the broad sense, a reviewing court may set aside an administrative decision if it is unreasonable ( under Canadian law, following the rejection of the " Patently Unreasonable " standard by the Supreme Court in Dunsmuir v. New Brunswick ), Wednesbury unreasonable ( under British law ), or arbitrary and capricious ( under U. S. Administrative Procedure Act and New York State law ).

According to the special theory of relativity, the aberration looks as a transform of the celestial sphere due to different frames of reference and is virtually a special case of velocity addition, namely one of the light beam and frames ' relative velocity v. The formula from relativistic aberration can be simplified to

There is also a U. S. Supreme Court case that predates the dictionary, Jackson ex dem Bradford v. Huntington, that uses the phrase " black letter " in the same sense as black letter law: " It is seldom that a case in our time savors so much of the black letter, but the course of decisions in New York renders it unavailable.

Part of the Gaelic lexicon, this spelling suggests a Germanic ( Saxon ) origin, as the ' w ' is most likely pronounced as a ' v '.

In an " extended model " which includes hot dark matter in the form of neutrinos, then if the " physical baryon density " Ω < sub > b </ sub > h < sup > 2 </ sup > is estimated at about 0. 023 ( this is different from the ' baryon density ' Ω < sub > b </ sub > expressed as a fraction of the total matter / energy density, which as noted above is about 0. 046 ), and the corresponding cold dark matter density Ω < sub > c </ sub > h < sup > 2 </ sup > is about 0. 11, the corresponding neutrino density Ω < sub > v </ sub > h < sup > 2 </ sup > is estimated to be less than 0. 0062.

If a source emits a known luminous intensity I < sub > v </ sub > ( in candelas ) in a well-defined cone, the total luminous flux Φ < sub > v </ sub > in lumens is given by

This was Council of Civil Service Unions v Minister for the Civil Service AC 374 ( often known simply as the " GCHQ case ").

Of particular note are the extreme halophiles or haloarchaea ( often known as halobacteria ), a group of archaea, which require at least a 2 M salt concentration and are usually found in saturated solutions ( about 36 % w / v salts ).

Mabo v Queensland ( No 2 ) ( commonly known as Mabo ) was a landmark High Court of Australia decision recognising native title in Australia for the first time.

In California, a nolo contendere plea is known as a West plea after a seminal case involving plea bargains, People v. West ( 1970 ) 3 Cal. 3d 595.

In the United States, following a series of landmark cases in the Supreme Court of the United States, persons diagnosed with paraphilias and a history of anti-social behavior, particularly pedophilia ( Kansas v. Hendricks, 1997 ) and exhibitionism ( Kansas v. Crane, 2002 ), can be held indefinitely in civil confinement under various state legislation generically known as Sexually violent predator laws and the federal Adam Walsh Act ( United States v. Comstock, 2010 ).

The relation between phase speed, v < sub > p </ sub >, and speed of light, c, is known as refractive index, n = c / v < sub > p </ sub > = ck / ω.

The O ' Reilly v. Morse case has become known among patent lawyers because the Supreme Court explicitly denied Morse's claim for any future application of his code system.

Gilmore initially lost the case, known as Gilmore v. Gonzales, and an appeal to the U. S. Supreme Court was denied.

The Scopes Trial, formally known as The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes and commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial, was a landmark American legal case in 1925 in which high school science teacher, John Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which made it unlawful to teach evolution in any state-funded school.

Section 6 of the Statute of Frauds Amendment Act 1828 ( commonly known as Lord Tenterden's Act ) was enacted to prevent section 4 of the 1677 Act being circumvented by bringing an action for the tort of deceit ( the tort in Freeman v. Palsey ).

A subset of nuisance is known as the rule in Rylands v. Fletcher, where a dam burst into a coal mine shaft.

* Henderson v Henderson ( 1843 ) 3 Hare 100, from which the rule known as " the rule in Henderson v Henderson " is derived.

* Foss v Harbottle ( 1843 ) 2 Hare 461, from which the rule known as " the rule in Foss v Harbottle " is derived, and which is still the cornerstone of minority shareholder rights in company law in common law legal systems over 160 years later.

In Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad,, the Supreme Court ruled that ( 1 ) the Sixteenth Amendment removes the Pollock requirement that certain income taxes ( such as taxes on income " derived from real property " that were the subject of the Pollock decision ), be apportioned among the states according to population ; ( 2 ) the federal income tax statute does not violate the Fifth Amendment's prohibition against the government taking property without due process of law ; ( 3 ) the federal income tax statute does not violate the Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 requirement that excises, also known as indirect taxes, be imposed with geographical uniformity.

His name now well known in cricketing circles, Grace played for Gentlemen of the South v Players of the South in June 1865 when he was still only 16 but already 6 ft 2 in ( 1. 88 m ) tall and weighing 11 st ( 70 kg ).

A separate challenge to the provisions governing obscenity, known as Nitke v. Gonzales, was rejected by a federal court in New York in 2005.

The depth of the TDR ( d ) is a known factor and the other is the time that takes the drop of water to reach the that depth ( t ), therefore the speed of water Infiltration ( hydrology ) ( v ) can be determined.

The government argued that Stanley was barred from suing under a legal doctrine — known as the Feres doctrine, after a 1950 Supreme Court case, Feres v. United States — that prohibits members of the Armed Forces from suing the government for any harms that were inflicted " incident to service.

Lincoln denounced the Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford as a conspiracy to extend slavery.

In March 1857, the Supreme Court issued its decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford ; Chief Justice Roger B. Taney opined that blacks were not citizens, and derived no rights from the Constitution.

" " Graham v. Borgen ", 483 F 3d.

* Emperor Charles I. of Austria ( 1916 – 1918 ) http :// www. youtube. com / watch? v = jMU9FFzez1A

* Emperor Franz Joseph ( 1848 – 1916 ) http :// www. youtube. com / watch? v = jecUwMPk8pE & feature = related

The doctrine that no man can cast off his native allegiance without the consent of his sovereign was early abandoned in the United States, and Chief Justice John Rutledge also declared in Talbot v. Janson, " a man may, at the same time, enjoy the rights of citizenship under two governments.

Austrian economics, 3 v. Edward Elgar.

Description and scroll to chapter preview links for v. 1.

Part of Title I was found unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court as it pertains to states in the case of Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett as violating the sovereign immunity rights of the several states as specified by the Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution.

In fact, Congress explicitly cited Toyota v. Williams in the text of the ADAAA itself as one of its driving influences for passing the ADAAA.

Access Now v. Southwest Airlines