In the second sentence if drinking water is a gerundial clause and without drinking water is roughly equivalent in meaning to unless I drink water, there will be stronger stress on water than on drinking ; ;

In the Steiners have busy lives without visiting relatives only context can indicate whether visiting relatives is equivalent in meaning to paying visits to relatives or to relatives who are visiting them, and in I looked up the number and I looked up the chimney only the meanings of number and chimney make it clear that up is syntactically a second complement in the first sentence and a preposition followed by its object in the second.

For instance, the English declarative sentence " snow is white " refers to the same proposition as the equivalent French declarative sentence " la neige est blanche "; two sentences, one proposition.

This is possible because for every sentence, there is an equivalent one in prenex form whose first quantifier is.

Then, once this claim ( expressed in the previous sentence ) is proved, it will suffice to prove " φ is either refutable or satisfiable " only for φ's belonging to the class C. Note also that if φ is provably equivalent to ψ ( i. e., ( φ ≡ ψ ) is provable ), then it is indeed the case that " ψ is either refutable or satisfiable " → " φ is either refutable or satisfiable " ( the soundness theorem is needed to show this ).

All Roma ( Gypsy ) males between the ages of 18 and 26 were forced to serve in galleys – which was equivalent to a death sentence – but the majority managed to hide and avoid arrest.

A sentence of 100 or 120 lashes was equivalent to a death sentence.

Imprisonment until the next term of court was often equivalent to a death sentence.

They do not generally permit more than one finite verb in a sentence, which precludes the existence of subordinate clauses in the Indo-European sense ; equivalent functions are performed by extensive arrays of nominal and participial non-finite verb forms ( although Abkhaz appears to be developing limited subordinate clauses, perhaps under the influence of Russian ).

A sentence of 100 or 120 lashes was equivalent to a death sentence.

In this context, it shows that if we assume there is a formal sentence ( X → Y ), where X itself is equivalent to ( X → Y ), then we can prove Y with a formal proof.

When modeling a dialogue sentence for students to repeat, the teacher not only gives an oral mother tongue equivalent for unknown words or phrases, but repeats the foreign language phrase before students imitate it: L2

Removal of the modifier would leave This is a ball, which is grammatically correct and equivalent in structure to the original sentence.

Similarly, a Salishan language equivalent of the English sentence “ It was John who called ” would not require the assumption that the listener knows that someone called.

Secondly, if W occurs in an elementary sentence S, it is necessary to give an answer to the following questions ( that are — according to Carnap — equivalent formulation of the same question ):

This word has a definite meaning, if the sentence " x is the principle of y " is supposed to be equivalent to the sentence " y exists by virtue of x " or " y arises out of x ".

circle sentence ) is a Japanese equivalent of palindrome, or in other words, a sentence that reads the same from the beginning to the end or from the end to the beginning.

As a further confusion the word " sentence " derives from the Latin, meaning an opinion or judgment, and so is equivalent to " proposition ".

The sentence φ constructed in the proof is not literally the same as ψ (< u >#( φ )</ u >), but is provably equivalent to it in the theory T.

Not only should every educator above the rank of instructor be expected to be a member of one of the professional organizations, but his first qualification for membership as an educator should be so sharply scrutinized that membership would be equivalent to certification to teach the subject.

For example, on the basis of the regression equation, a child with an I.Q. of 120 in this sample would be expected to earn an achievement test score of 4.8 ( grade equivalent ).

Economic analysts say that the project would cost at least $ 1 billion ( equivalent to about 40 percent of Armenia's 2008 state budget ).

The absolute magnitude is then equivalent to the apparent magnitude an object would have if it were at a standard luminosity distance ( 10 parsecs ) away from the observer, in the absence of astronomical extinction.

If two equivalent amplifiers are being compared, the amplifier with higher gain settings would be more sensitive as it would take less input signal to produce a given amount of power.

If, in England, the wine sold for 70 francs ( or the pound equivalent ), which he then used to buy coal, which he imported into France, and was found to be worth 90 francs in France, he would have made a profit of 40 francs.

Cranmer's work of simplification and revision was also applied to the Daily Offices, which were to become Morning, and Evening Prayer ; and which he hoped would also serve as a daily form of prayer to be used by the Laity, thus replacing both the late medieval lay observation of the Latin Hours of the Virgin, and its English equivalent, the Primer.

No one has given a causal explanation, they argue, of why it would not be possible for a functionally equivalent non-conscious organism ( i. e., a philosophical zombie ) to achieve the very same survival advantages as a conscious organism.

If a suitably sized quantum computer capable of running Grover's algorithm reliably becomes available, it would reduce a 128-bit key down to 64-bit security, roughly a DES equivalent.

Because many outstanding problems in number theory, such as Goldbach's conjecture are equivalent to solving the halting problem for special programs ( which would basically search for counter-examples and halt if one is found ), knowing enough bits of Chaitin's constant would also imply knowing the answer to these problems.

: Turing's thesis: " Turing's thesis that every function which would naturally be regarded as computable is computable under his definition, i. e. by one of his machines, is equivalent to Church's thesis by Theorem XXX.

They further argue that government encouragement of content filtering, or legal requirements for content-labeling software, would be equivalent to censorship.

Concurrently, until the early 1980s, U. S. Navy and U. S. Coast Guard captains selected for promotion to the rank of rear admiral ( lower half ), would wear the same insignia as rear admiral ( upper half ), i. e., two silver stars for collar insignia or sleeve braid of one wide and one narrow gold stripe, even though they were actually only equivalent to one-star officers.

More generally, to insist that all evidence converge precisely with no deviations would be naïve falsificationism, equivalent to considering a single contrary result to falsify a theory when another explanation, such as equipment malfunction or misinterpretation of results, is much more likely.

In optics, an equivalent device for the diode but with laser light would be the Optical isolator, also known as an Optical Diode, that allows light to only pass in one direction.

The stability of the dynamical system implies that there is a class of models or initial conditions for which the trajectories would be equivalent.

In chemistry, it is often useful to have the molar equivalent, that is the energy that would be produced by one mole of charge () passing through a potential difference of one volt.

In fact, the very existence of the Alphabet plays, or rather the absence of an equivalent edition for Sophocles and Aeschylus, could distort our notions of distinctive Euripidean qualitiesmost of his least ' tragic ' plays are in the Alphabet edition and possibly the other two tragedians would appear just as genre-bending as this " restless experimenter " if we possessed more than their ' select ' editions.

It is not possible for a solution to be equivalent to its own reflection ( except at n = 1 ) because that would require two queens to be facing each other.

It became clear that some applications could be developed more rapidly by adding a higher-level programming language and methodology which would generate the equivalent of very complicated 3GL instructions with fewer errors.

Throughout the 90s his papers claimed that by 2001 the ATR " Robokoneko " ( translation: kitten robot ) project would develop a billion-neuron " cellular automata machine brain " ( CAM-brain ), with " computational power equivalent to 10, 000 pentiums " that could simulate the brain of a real cat.

By " satisfactory " one would mean at least the equivalent of Plancherel theorem.

When ice melts, it absorbs as much energy as it would take to heat an equivalent mass of water by 80 ° C.