Additionally, PWM ( pulse-width modulation ) anemometers are also used, wherein the velocity is inferred by the time length of a repeating pulse of current that brings the wire up to a specified resistance and then stops until a threshold " floor " is reached, at which time the pulse is sent again.

Thus the electrons stay paired together and resist all kicks, and the electron flow as a whole ( the current through the superconductor ) will not experience resistance.

A simple electric circuit, where current is represented by the letter i. The relationship between the voltage ( V ), resistance ( R ), and current ( I ) is V = IR ; this is known as Ohm's Law.

where is the current, measured in amperes ; is the potential difference, measured in volts ; and is the resistance, measured in ohms.

For alternating currents, especially at higher frequencies, skin effect causes the current to spread unevenly across the conductor cross-section, with higher density near the surface, thus increasing the apparent resistance.

This sets up conditions for the same type of positive feedback — heat from current flow causes temperature to rise, which increases charge carriers, lowering resistance, and causing more current to flow.

In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electronic component with asymmetric transfer characteristic, with low ( ideally zero ) resistance to current flow in one direction, and high ( ideally infinite ) resistance in the other.

Ohm's law is a basic law of circuit theory, stating that the current passing through a resistance is directly proportional to the potential difference across it.

1 Ω is the resistance that will produce a potential difference of one volt in response to a current of one amp.

* Ohm's law: The voltage across a resistor is equal to the product of the resistance and the current flowing through it.

For either enhancement-or depletion-mode devices, at drain-to-source voltages much less than gate-to-source voltages, changing the gate voltage will alter the channel resistance, and drain current will be proportional to drain voltage ( referenced to source voltage ).

This has several advantages ; no additional resistance ( a shunt, required for the most common current sensing method ) need be inserted in the primary circuit.

* Skin effect: The resistance of a wire to high frequency current is higher than its resistance to direct current because of skin effect.

Like skin effect, this reduces the effective cross-sectional area of the wire conducting current, increasing its resistance.

An ideal inductor would offer no resistance to a constant direct current ; however, only superconducting inductors have truly zero electrical resistance.

If an inductor is connected to a direct current source with value I via a resistance R, and then the current source is short-circuited, the differential relationship above shows that the current through the inductor will discharge with an exponential decay:

However, in 1997 they resolved the dispute and adopted the current name, dubnium ( Db ), after the Russian town of Dubna, the location of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research.

The current Board members are: Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Brazil, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Mongolia, Netherlands, Niger, Pakistan, Peru, Portugal, Russian Federation, Singapore, South Africa, Tunisia, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, and Venezuela ( IAEA Board of Governors 2010 – 2011 ).

The eight current contractors are: Yuzhmorgeologya ( Russian Federation ); Interoceanmetal Joint Organization ( IOM ) ( Bulgaria, Cuba, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Poland and Russian Federation ); the Government of the Republic of Korea ; China Ocean Minerals Research and Development Association ( COMRA ) ( China ); Deep Ocean Resources Development Company ( DORD ) ( Japan ); Institut français de recherche pour l ’ exploitation de la mer ( IFREMER ) ( France ); the Government of India, and the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources of Germany.

The administrator for Turkestan ( current Kazakhstan ) Vasile Balabanov was responsible for the Russian resettlement during this time.

The current social dilemma is one that has emerged from the controlling body mainly relying on classic Russian ethnicities, to Kyrgyz or Turkic ethnic groups shaping and forming the infrastructure of Kyrgyzstan.

The current Ambassador of Mauritius to Russia is Mahendr Dosieah, who presented his Letters of Credence to Russian President Vladimir Putin on 25 July 2006.

The only woman to exceed 5 metres is Russian women's world-record holder Yelena Isinbayeva, who reached that height in 2005 and who has in total broken the women's world-record ( indoor and outdoor ), 27 times, culminating in her current world record of 5. 06 metres obtained in 2009 at Letzigrund in Zurich.

In 1997, IUPAC decided to give dubnium its current name honoring the city of Dubna where the Russian team made their discoveries since American-chosen names had already been used for many existing synthetic elements, while the name rutherfordium ( chosen by the American team ) was accepted for element 104.

In 1876, Russian engineer Pavel Yablochkov invented a lighting system based on a set of induction coils where the primary windings were connected to a source of alternating current and the secondary windings could be connected to several " electric candles " ( arc lamps ) of his own design.

* they have a high power density in a small volume and run either on low-enriched uranium ( as do some French and Chinese submarines ) or on highly enriched uranium (> 20 % U-235, current U. S. submarines use fuel enriched to at least 93 %, compared to between 21 – 45 % in current Russian models, although Russian nuclear-powered icebreaker reactors are enriched up to 90 %),

In exchange for Russian support, he agreed to give up any remaining Polish claims to Livonia, and promised to Anna of Russia her choice of successor to the Duchy of Courland, a Polish fief ( of which she had been duchess prior to her ascension to the Russian throne ) which would have otherwise come under direct Polish rule on the death of the current duke, Ferdinand Kettler, who had no heirs.

Russian refusal to accept invitations to participate in NATO BMD may be indicative of the lack of an alternative to MAD in current Russian war fighting strategy due to dilapidation of conventional forces after the breakup of the Soviet Union.

As the Treaty of Portsmouth is considered one of the most powerful symbols of peace in the Northern Pacific region and the most significant, shared peace history for Japan, Russia and the United States, the Forum was designed to explore from the Japanese, Russian and American perspectives, the history of the Portsmouth Peace Treaty and its relevance to current issues involving the Northern Pacific region.

Zhou's diaries and letters from his time in Tokyo show a deep interest in politics and current events, in particular, the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Bolsheviks ' new policies.

All current ( with the exception of Russian driver Vitaly Petrov ) and many former Formula One drivers grew up racing karts, most prominent among them, World Champions Michael Schumacher, Ayrton Senna, Alain Prost, Fernando Alonso, Kimi Räikkönen, Jenson Button, Lewis Hamilton and Sebastian Vettel.

No woman has yet run a four-minute mile: the current women's world record is held by retired Russian Svetlana Masterkova, with a time of 4: 12. 56 in 1996.

" Many of the current residents are of mixed Russian and Sugpiaq ( Alutiiq ) lineage.

In 1901, the Russian Orthodox Church was redesigned and constructed at its current site.

The current conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh ( NK ) began in 1988 when Armenian demonstrations against Azerbaijani rule broke out in both Nagorno-Karabakh and Armenia and the Nagorno-Karabakh Supreme Soviet voted to secede from Azerbaijan and join Armenia.

Five years later when asked for his view of the rule change, the current president, Stephen Jones, replied, " I've never been more proud of my dad than the night he ... lifted that policy.

In the case of metastatic breast cancer, a Cochrane Review published in 2008 maintained that the current body of evidence is not sufficient to rule out the possibility that psychological interventions may cause harm to women with this advanced neoplasm.

; In favour of current rule prohibiting retrial after acquittal

For the current loop, the magnetic dipole moment points through the loop ( according to the right hand grip rule ), with a magnitude equal to the current in the loop times the area of the loop.

The evolution rule of the dynamical system is a fixed rule that describes what future states follow from the current state.

The rule is deterministic ; in other words, for a given time interval only one future state follows from the current state.

With the birth of a daughter as the first child of the current Crown Prince, Naruhito, Japan considered abandoning that rule.

Although there has been a change in the wording of this rule from 1 January 2007, the current FIH umpires ' briefing instructs umpires not to change the way they interpret this rule .< ref name =" Umpires ' briefing ">

There are many divergent schools within the religion, and even people within the same current of thought will sometimes rule differently on a difficult issue.

If both are empty, then the current pixel can be painted and the painter can move following the right-hand rule.

The current castle, with a perimeter of, was principally constructed during the time of Venetian and Ottoman rule, although remains have been found dating settlements there back to 2000 B. C.

In current usage, the word monarchy generally refers to a traditional system of hereditary rule, as elective monarchies are rare in the modern period ( though they do still exist in Vatican City, Andorra and Malaysia ).

In addition to this the following saying was current concerning the wagon, that whosoever could loosen the cord of the yoke of this wagon, was destined to gain the rule of Asia.

There is also a variation of the " Fully Wild " rule in which the wild card ( in this instance they are usually jokers as there are traditionally only two and there is only one black and one red ) can be any card of the suits matching the cards colour or current suit.

The current most regularly used rule set — the one that is used on the international tournament stage — originated in Mito, Ibaraki, Japan in the 1970s: the Japanese game company Tsukuda Original registered the game under the trademark name Othello.

Milanković selected this rule because its mean year was within two seconds of the then current length of the mean tropical year.

This rate should affect the tunnel current, so it can be treated using the Fermi's golden rule with the appropriate tunneling matrix element.

Magneto's goal there was to create a new human race who would be less trouble to rule than the current one, that he decided to re-start evolution from scratch, and control the process to his own specifications.

The general rule is that a black belt may advance from one rank to the next only after the number of years equivalent to the current rank.

The rule has been modified several times, most prominently that the current rule requires three-fifths of all Senators, not only the ones voting.