* 1886 – Eric Coates, English composer and viola player ( d. 1957 )

Two closely related instruments include the baryton and the viola d ' amore, although the latter is played under the chin, viola-fashion.

The baroque concerto was mainly for a string instrument ( violin, viola, cello, seldom viola d ' amore or harp ) or a wind instrument ( oboe, trumpet, flute, or horn ).

* American ( U. S. A .)— Brown, Earle: Tracking Pierrot ( 1992 ; chamber ensemble ); Wharton, Geoffry ( works mainly in Germany ): ‘’ Five Pierrot Tangos ’’ ( n. d .; violin / viola, flute, piano / synthesizer, cello, clarinet, and voice ).

Towards the end of the 1930s, he made several tours in America as a viola and viola d ' amore soloist.

Kammermusik No. 6, for example, is a concerto for the viola d ' amore, an instrument that has not been in wide use since the baroque period, but which Hindemith himself played.

The viola d ' amore ( Italian: love viol ) is a 7-or 6-stringed musical instrument with sympathetic strings used chiefly in the baroque period.

The viola d ' amore shares many features of the viol family.

The 6 string viola d ' amore and the treble viol also have approximately the same ambitus or range of playable notes.

Intricately carved head at the top of the peg box are common on both viols and viola d ' amores as well ( although some viols lack them ).

The first unambiguous reference to a viola d ' amore without sympathetic strings does not occur until the 1730s.

Largely thanks to the sympathetic strings, the viola d ' amore has a particularly sweet and warm sound.

The viola d ' amore was normally tuned specifically for the piece it was to play-cf.

The instrument was especially popular in the late 17th century, although a specialised viola d ' amore player would have been highly unusual, since it was customary for professional musicians to play a number of instruments, especially within the family of the musician's main instrument.

However, there has been renewed interest in the viola d ' amore in the last century.

The viola players Henri Casadesus and Paul Hindemith both played the viola d ' amore in the early 20th century, and the film composer Bernard Herrmann made use of it in several scores.

It may be noted that, like instruments of the violin family, the modern viola d ' amore was altered slightly in structure from the baroque version, mainly to support the extra tension of steel wound strings.

Leoš Janáček originally planned to use the viola d ' amore in his second string quartet, " Intimate Letters ".

However, the version with viola d ' amore was found in rehearsal to be impracticable, and Janáček re-cast the part for a conventional viola.

The viola d ' amore can regularly be heard today in musical ensembles that specialise in historically accurate performances of Baroque music on authentic instruments.

It was a natural choice for viola d ' amore where the tuning is not in the usual fifths.

The viola d ’ amore was usually played by violinists.

:: 6 Lessons for viola d ' amore and continuo

A string quartet usually consists of two violins, a viola and a cello.

Composers, arrangers, and bandleaders have used sections with more or fewer players, and additional instruments, such as valve trombone, baritone horn / euphonium ( both of which are usually used in place of or with trombones ), vibes, bass clarinet, French horn, tuba, banjo, accordion and strings ( violin, viola, cello ).

However, modern horticulturalists tend to use the term " pansy " for those multi-coloured large-flowered hybrids that are grown for bedding purposes every year, while " viola " is usually reserved for smaller, more delicate annuals and perennials.

A string quintet is a musical composition for a standard string quartet ( two violins, a viola, and a cello ) supplemented by a fifth string instrument, usually a second viola ( a so-called " viola quintet ") or a second cello ( a " cello quintet "), but occasionally a double bass.

The melody is generally assigned to the lead violin, while the remainder providing harmony, rhythm and some counterpoint ( the latter usually coming from the second violin or viola ).

Folk bands are usually a string trio, consisting of a violin, viola and double bass, occasionally with a cimbalom ; the first violin, or primás, plays the melody, with the others accompanying and providing the rhythm.

He wrote eight piano concertos, ten piano sonatas ( of which four are without opus numbers, and one is still unpublished ), eight piano trios, a piano quartet, a piano quintet, a wind octet, a cello sonata, two piano septets, a mandolin concerto, a mandolin sonata, a Trumpet Concerto in E major written for the Keyed trumpet ( usually heard in the more convenient E-flat major ), a " Grand Bassoon Concerto " in F, a quartet for clarinet, violin, viola, and cello, four hand piano music, 22 operas and Singspiels, masses, and much more, including a variation on a theme supplied by Anton Diabelli for Part II of Vaterländischer Künstlerverein.

The dance is usually accompanied by musical instruments such as the cymbalum, accordion, violin, viola, double bass, saxophone, trumpet or the pan pipes.

On bowed string instruments, ( such as violin, viola, cello, and double bass ), the fingerboard is usually made of ebony, rosewood or some other hardwood.

Those other instruments are usually a string trio consisting of a violin, viola and cello.

This usually comprises a string section ( with violins, viola, and cello ), a bandoneón section ( with 3 or more bandoneons ), and a rhythmic section ( with piano, and double bass ).

In each part, melodies are introduced, usually by a single instrument ( viola for women, violin for transexuals and cello for men ), a recording of the spoken phrase from which the melody derives is played.

The viola sonata is a sonata for viola, sometimes with other instruments, usually piano.

A viola concerto is a concerto contrasting a viola with another body of musical instruments, usually an orchestra or chamber music ensemble.

Also notable about the song is that it features no bass guitar — John Cale, who usually played bass or viola, was playing his organ on the take.

The double bass is closest in construction to violins, but has some notable similarities to the violone ( literally " large viol "), the largest and lowest member of the viola da gamba family.

While the violin, viola, and cello all use friction pegs for gross tuning adjustments, the double bass has metal machine heads.

The gravi-kora has been adopted by kora players such as Daniel Berkman, Jacques Burtin, Le Chant de la Forêt ( The Song of the Forest ), suite for kora, gravi-kora, flute and viola, and Foday Musa Suso, who featured it in recordings with jazz innovator Herbie Hancock, with his band Mandingo, and on Suso's New World Power album.

For centuries, viola makers have experimented with the size and shape of the viola, often adjusting the proportions or shape to make a lighter instrument with shorter string lengths, but which still has a large enough sound box to create an unmistakable ' viola sound '.

The Tertis model viola, which has wider bouts and deeper ribs to promote a better tone, is another slightly ' non-standard ' shape that allows the player to use a larger instrument.

These include the Otto Erdesz ' cutaway ' viola, which has one shoulder cut out to make shifting easier ; the ' Oak Leaf ' viola, which has two extra bouts ; viol-shaped violas such as Joseph Curtin's ' Evia ' model, which also utilizes a moveable neck and a maple-veneered carbon fibre back, to reduce weight: violas played in the same manner as cellos ( see vertical viola ); and the eye-catching " Dalí-esque " shapes of both Bernard Sabatier's violas in fractional sizes-which appear to have melted-and David Rivinus ' ' Pellegrina ' model violas.

The technique required for playing a viola has certain differences compared with that of a violin, partly because of its larger size: the notes are spread out farther along the fingerboard and often require different fingerings.

A renewal of interest in the viola by performers and composers in the twentieth century has led to increased research devoted to the instrument.

The 1960s also saw the beginning of several research publications devoted to the viola, beginning with Franz Zeyringer's Literatur für Viola, which has undergone several versions, the most recent being in 1985.

Schoenberg has also attracted at least one parodist: in 1924, Hans Eisler published Palmström ( Studies on 12-tone Rows ), in which a Sprechstimme vocalist, singing texts by Christian Morgenstern, parodies the musical lines of Pierrot to the accompaniment of flute ( or piccolo ), clarinet, violin ( or viola ), and violincello.

Dorothea Lynde Dix proclaims that “ Perhaps no flower ( not excepting even the queenly rose ) claims to be so universal a favorite, as the viola tricolor ; none currently has been honored with so rich a variety of names, at once expressive of grace, delicacy and tenderness .” Many of these names play on the whimsical nature of love, including “ Three Faces under a Hood ,” “ Flame Flower ,” “ Jump Up and Kiss Me ,” “ Flower of Jove ,” and “ Pink of my John .”

Cale has continued to work with other artists, contributing viola to Replica Sun Machine, the Danger Mouse-produced second album by London psychedelic trio The Shortwave Set and producing the second album of American indie band Ambulance Ltd.

He has composed over 100 works in 17th and 18th Century style for harpsichord ; piano ; clavichord ; organ ; violin solo ; viola solo ; flute solo ; recorder solo cello solo ; as well as quartets ; trios ; duets ; sonatas ; ouvertures ; concerto grossos ; harpsichord concertos ; violin concerto ; recorder concerto ; flute concerto ; oboe concerto ; cello concerto ; music for baroque theatre and a classical symphony.

Although it originally used the study of the violin to achieve its goals, it has also been adapted for other instruments: flute, recorder, piano, guitar, cello, viola, bass, organ, harp and voice.