Sir Isaac Newton was probably the discoverer of astigmation ; the position of the astigmatic image lines was determined by Thomas Young ( A Course of Lectures on Natural Philosophy, 1807 ); and the theory was developed by Allvar Gullstrand.

The present concept of constitutional monarchy developed in the United Kingdom, where it was the democratically elected parliaments, and their leader, the prime minister, who had become those who exercised power, with the monarchs voluntarily ceding it and contenting themselves with the titular position.

The Quality Management Maturity Grid was developed by Philip B. Crosby in his book Quality is Free, which advanced the position that quality-improvement activities paid for themselves by reducing the related costs.

However, during the Edo period, Edo ( now Tokyo ) developed into the largest city in Japan, and Edo Tokyo dialect became the Standard Japanese position.

Tito in return rejected Stalinism and the Eastern bloc, forging a non-aligned position between East and West that developed into the Non-Aligned Movement and the development of an autonomous Marxist-Leninist ideology of Titoism.

Within a few years after the Civil War the city had reclaimed its important shipping and trading position and also developed a solid manufacturing base.

Smith believed he had earned the position with his spring training performance, but La Russa disagreed, and awarded Clayton the majority of playing time in the platoon situation that developed, where Smith typically saw action every third game.

Indeed, the position has been described as undergoing a " presidentialisation ", to the point that its incumbents publicly outshine the actual head of state ; former governor general Adrienne Clarkson alluded to what she saw as " an unspoken rivalry " that had developed between the prime minister and the Crown.

Additionally the accessory developed by the gel pads on mouse manufacturer includes a palm pad on the mouse to help the hand achieve a more grasping position further increasing overall ergonomics.

Sextus Empiricus ( c. A. D. 200 ), the main authority for Greek skepticism, developed the position further, incorporating aspects of empiricism into the basis for asserting knowledge.

The contemporary Georgian chronicles enshrined Christian morality and patristic literature continued to flourish, but it had, by that time, lost its earlier dominant position to secular literature, which was highly original, even though it developed in close contact with the neighboring cultures.

In the modern jumping technique first developed by Gus Lussi and his pupil Dick Button, skaters are taught to jump up first, and then assume a back spin position in the air to complete the rotation.

This situation is complicated by the fact that many venture capitalists will refuse to sign an NDA before looking at a business plan, lest it put them in the untenable position of looking at two independently developed look-alike business plans, both claiming originality.

In 1882 Jacques-Arsène d ' Arsonval and Marcel Deprez developed a form with a stationary permanent magnet and a moving coil of wire, suspended by fine wires which provided both an electrical connection to the coil and the restoring torque to return to the zero position.

" In 1849, he accepted an unsought position as a teacher, and thereafter developed an aversion to what he called " place seeking ," which became, he said, " the law of my life.

For example, application of quantum " fuzziness " ( per the Wheeler – DeWitt application of subatomic position and momentum equations to universal radius and expansion ) avoids boundary issues, as developed in the Hartle – Hawking wave function.

Naïve realism is known as direct realism when developed to counter indirect or representative realism, also known as epistemological dualism, the philosophical position that our conscious experience is not of the real world itself but of an internal representation, a miniature virtual-reality replica of the world.

* Popular sovereignty, developed by Lewis Cass and Douglas as the eventual Democratic Party position, letting each territory decide whether to allow slavery.

The U. S. has not developed a final position on the borders.

British Columbia's position is based on the principle of natural prolongation which developed in international law.

Seatbelts that automatically move into position around a vehicle occupant once the adjacent door is closed and / or the engine is started were developed as a countermeasure against low usage rates of manual seat belts, particularly in the United States.

In early 1641 Ussher developed a mediatory position on church government, which sought to bridge the gap between the Laudians, who believed that bishops were divinely ordained and a separate order from priests and deacons, and the presbyterians, who wanted to abolish episcopacy entirely.

For example, techniques have been developed for the deployment of car airbags and stent implants from a folded position.

As a result of his experiences as a persecuted by the Nazi regime Hundertwasser developed an anti-totalitarian position early on.

Some doubts have been raised about the long-term effectiveness of antipsychotics for schizophrenia, in part because two large international World Health Organization studies found individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia tend to have better long-term outcomes in developing countries ( where there is lower availability and use of antipsychotics and mental health problems are treated with more informal, community-led methods only ) than in developed countries.

In September 1898, Hannah Chaplin was committed to Cane Hill mental asylum — she had developed a psychosis seemingly brought on by malnutrition and an infection of syphilis.

( Thomas Sanchez and others thus theorized a doctrine of mental reservation, which developed into its own branch of casuistry.

In fact, it developed as one of the significant aspects of the inter-disciplinary subject of cognitive science, which attempts to integrate a range of approaches in research on the mind and mental processes.

In 1917, a Committee on Statistics from what is now known as the American Psychiatric Association ( APA ), together with the National Commission on Mental Hygiene, developed a new guide for mental hospitals called the " Statistical Manual for the Use of Institutions for the Insane ", which included 22 diagnoses.

The criteria adopted for many of the mental disorders were taken from the Research Diagnostic Criteria ( RDC ) and Feighner Criteria, which had just been developed by a group of research-orientated psychiatrists based primarily at Washington University in St. Louis and the New York State Psychiatric Institute.

Physical nature can be assuaged through exercise and care, emotional nature through indulgence of instinct and urges, and mental through human reason and developed potential.

Moreover, the distinction between the subjective mental act, namely the content of a concept, and the ( external ) object, was developed independently by Brentano and his school, and may have surfaced as early as Brentano's 1870's lectures on logic.

Drawing on his long-term research, and using the criteria of course, outcome and prognosis, he developed the concept of dementia praecox, which he defined as the " sub-acute development of a peculiar simple condition of mental weakness occurring at a youthful age.

A mental health first aid training course was developed in Australia in 2001 and has been found to improve assistance provided to persons with a mental illness or in a mental health crisis.

Later he developed Dianetics, " the modern science of mental health ".

MAO inhibitors were the first antidepressant drugs developed, and were used primarily on patients in mental institutions.

First of all there are ancestral environments that are typically long-term and stable forms of situations that influence mental development of individuals or groups gained either biologically through birth or learned from family or relatives, that cause the emphasis of certain mental behaviours that are developed due to their necessity the ancestral environment.

The technique — a form of moderate sensory deprivation — was developed to quickly quiet mental " noise " by providing mild, unpatterned stimuli to the visual and auditory senses.

" One is that the Wild Boy, though born normal, developed a serious mental or psychological disturbance before his abandonment.

Moniz developed a theory that people with mental illnesses, particularly " obsessive and melancholic cases " had a disorder of the synapses which allowed unhealthy thoughts to circulate continuously in their brains.

" For the later Bion, the psychoanalytic encounter was itself a site of turbulence, ' a mental space for further ideas which may yet be developed '.

Nonetheless, Marx and Marxists developed the concept of class struggle to comprehend the dialectical contradictions between mental and manual labor, and between town and country.

While the first Foundation has developed the physical sciences, the Second Foundation has been developing the mental sciences.

The rules from The Embossing Company set refer to variations by players who " have developed an interesting test of mental alertness and a highly exciting form of competition " by eliminating turns.

Bible, " human computers " known as Mentats are developed and perfected, their mental abilities ultimately honed to the point where they become superior to those of the ancient thinking machines.