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For iron rust to occur the metal has to be in contact with oxygen and water, although chemical reactions for this process are relatively complex and not all of them are completely understood, it is believed the causes are the following:
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For and iron
For example, steel is stronger than iron, its primary element.
For example, limiting the iron availability in the human body restricts bacterial proliferation.
For instance, iron changes from a body-centered cubic structure ( ferrite ) to a face-centered cubic structure ( austenite ) above 906 ° C, and tin undergoes a transformation known as tin pest from a metallic phase to a semiconductor phase below 13. 2 ° C.
For example, bacteria catalyse the breakdown of the mineral pyrite ( FeS < sub > 2 </ sub >) by oxidising the sulfur and metal ( in this case ferrous iron, ( Fe < sup > 2 +</ sup >)) using oxygen.
For example in comparing Jer 11. 4 and Deut 4. 20, both use the metaphor of an iron furnace.
For example, atmospheric air is primarily a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon, and native solid elements occur in alloys, such as that of iron and nickel.
For example, in the Haber process, finely divided iron serves as a catalyst for the synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen.
For more massive stars, electron degeneracy pressure will not keep the iron core from collapsing to very great density, leading to formation of a neutron star, black hole, or, speculatively, a quark star.
For many cytochromes, the metal ion present is that of iron, which interconverts between Fe < sup > 2 +</ sup > ( reduced ) and Fe < sup > 3 +</ sup > ( oxidised ) states ( electron-transfer processes ) or between Fe < sup > 2 +</ sup > ( reduced ) and Fe < sup > 3 +</ sup > ( formal, oxidised ) states ( oxidative processes ).
For example, in the 1919 book Chemistry of Human Life physician George W. Carey states that, " Health depends on a proper amount of iron phosphate Fe < sub > 3 </ sub >( PO < sub > 4 </ sub >)< sub > 2 </ sub > in the blood, for the molecules of this salt have chemical affinity for oxygen and carry it to all parts of the organism.
For instance, in iron ( Fe ) the exchange force is about 1000 times stronger than the dipole interaction.
For the Stockton and Darlington Railway, however, Stephenson would use only wrought iron rails, notwithstanding the financial loss he would suffer from not using his own, patented design ( see below ).
For example, corrugated iron sheet roofing will start to degrade within a few years despite the protective action of the zinc coating.
For example, in the upper left of the four hemes shown, oxygen binds at the left of the iron atom shown in the upper left of diagram.
For example, the magnetic flux linking these turns can be increased by coiling the conductor around a material with a high permeability such as iron.
For example, hematite, Fe < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 3 </ sub >, has a specific gravity of 5. 26 while galena, PbS, has a specific gravity of 7. 2 – 7. 6, which is a result of their high iron and lead content, respectively.
For example in ferrocene, iron ( II ) or ferrous is present.
For example, hemoglobin and myoglobin contain an iron center coordinated to the nitrogen atoms of a porphyrin ring ; magnesium is the center of a chlorin ring in chlorophyll.
For electrical and electronics work, a low-power iron, a power rating between 15 and 35 watts, is used.
The metals suitable for wire, possessing almost equal ductility, are platinum, silver, iron, copper, aluminium and gold ; and it is only from these and certain of their alloys with other metals, principally brass and bronze, that wire is prepared ( For a detailed discussion on copper wire, see main article: Copper wire and cable.
For example, iron has a body-centred cubic structure at temperatures below 912 ° C, and a face-centred cubic structure between 912 and 1394 ° C.
For a millennium, the Garo family ruled Sercia with an iron fist.
For long distance fibre communication, typically at 1310 nm or 1550 nm, yttrium iron garnet crystals are used ( YIG ).
For potable water use, galvanized iron piping was commonplace in the United States from the late 1800s until around 1960.
For and rust
For example, the repeating stage in white pine blister rust disease does not occur on white pines but on the alternate host, Ribes spp.
For example: the Wolfsegg Iron was said to be a perfect cube, but in fact it is not ; the Klerksdorp spheres were said to be perfect spheres, but they are not ; and the Iron pillar of Delhi was said to be stainless, but it has some rust near its base.
For instance, rust fungi in the order Uredinales have four-celled phragmobasidia that are transversely septate ; some jelly fungi in the order Tremellales have four-celled phragmobasidia that are cruciately septate.
For example phosphoric acid in the form of naval jelly is often applied to ferrous tools or surfaces to remove rust.
For example, a water / air electrochemical cell corrodes iron to rust.
For a track circuit to operate reliably, the rail heads must be kept clean of rust by the regular passage of trains ' wheels.
For and occur
For example, as in pin and as in spin are allophones for the phoneme in the English language because they cannot distinguish words ( in fact, they occur in complementary distribution ).
For example, an audio amplifier with a gain given as 20 dB will have a voltage gain of ten ( but a power gain of 100 would only occur in the event the input and output impedances were identical ).
Need for presence of double coincidence of wants: For barter to occur between two people, both would need to have what the other wants.
For example, the broch ' villages ' which occur at a few places in Orkney have no parallel in the Western Isles.
For boiling to occur, either the dimer bonds must be broken, or the entire dimer arrangement must be vaporised, both of which increase enthalpy of vaporisation requirements significantly.
For this to occur, energy is required, as in the semiconductor the next higher states lie above the band gap.
For certain genetic strains of cholera, such as the one present during the 2010 epidemic in Haiti and the 2004 outbreak in India, death can occur within two hours of becoming ill.
* Antiphase boundaries occur in ordered alloys: in this case, the crystallographic direction remains the same, but each side of the boundary has an opposite phase: For example, if the ordering is usually ABABABAB, an antiphase boundary takes the form of ABABBABA.
For example, diodes are used in ( stepper motor and H-bridge ) motor controller and relay circuits to de-energize coils rapidly without the damaging voltage spikes that would otherwise occur.
For a map, the bifurcation will occur when there are eigenvalues of DF < sub > μ </ sub > on the unit circle.
For a flow, it will occur when there are eigenvalues on the imaginary axis.
For most organisms, the resting period is a stage of preparation during which the secretion of fluid from the moulting glands of the epidermal layer and the loosening of the underpart of the cuticle occur.
For example, if 71 events occur within 15 seconds the frequency is:
For the purposes of this article then, a fugue state would occur while one is acting out a Dissociative Fugue.
For permineralization to occur, the organism must become covered by sediment soon after death or soon after the initial decaying process.
For any given location, about half of these absolute maximum full moons will be potentially visible, as the other half occur during the day, when the full moon is below the horizon.
For the circulatory system and bone marrow in which cells can occur in a liquid suspension and not bound up in solid tissue, it makes sense for them to communicate by soluble, circulating protein molecules.
For fractals that occur in nature, the two notions coincide.
For example, illegal insider trading would occur if the chief executive officer of Company A learned ( prior to a public announcement ) that Company A will be taken over, and bought shares in Company A knowing that the share price would likely rise.
For seven months of the year, intense cold prevails, varied by furious snow storms which begin in September and occur at intervals until May.
For the Leader and Follower to interact with each other, communication needs to occur between the dance couple.
For example, in the Homininae, two chromosomes fused to produce human chromosome 2 ; this fusion did not occur in the lineage of the other apes, and they retain these separate chromosomes.
For example, one pathway may be responsible for the synthesis of a particular amino acid, but the breakdown of that amino acid may occur via a separate and distinct pathway.
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