He introduced the secret ballot ; advised the creation of the Supreme Court of Canada ; the establishment of the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston in 1874 ; the creation of the Office of the Auditor General in 1878 ; and struggled to continue progress on the national railway.

The country lobbied aggressively for the establishment of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and became the first nation to recognize the jurisdiction of the Inter-American Human Rights Court, based in San José.

Campaigns for constitutional reform during the 19th century successfully called for: the replacement of lay Jurats with professional judges in the Royal Court to decide questions of law ; the establishment of a Police Court ( later known as the Magistrate's Court ); the creation of a Petty Debts Court ; a professional, salaried police force for St Helier in addition to the Honorary Police ; and the reform of " archaic procedure of the Royal Court for criminal trials ".

India retained the right of appeal from the Federal Court of India to the Privy Council after the establishment of the Dominion of India.

Ernest Pollock, the former Attorney General for England and Wales said " May we not as lawyers regard the establishment of an International Court of Justice as an advance in the science that we pursue?

When the Court met for its initial session, opened on 30 January 1922 to allow for the establishment of procedure and the appointment of Court officials, the Secretary-General of the League of Nations passed an emergency resolution through the Assembly which designated an official of the League and his staff as the Registrar and Registry respectively, with the first Registrar being Åke Hammarskjöld.

For example, in the United Kingdom, the executive forms a subset of the legislature, as did — to a lesser extent — the judiciary until the establishment of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom.

A direct result of these meetings was the establishment of the world's first organisation for the settlement of international disputes: the Permanent Court of Arbitration ( PCA ).

After the establishment of the League of Nations, The Hague became the seat of the Permanent Court of International Justice, which was replaced by the UN's International Court of Justice after the Second World War.

The establishment of the Iran-US Claims Tribunal ( 1981 ), the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia ( 1993 ) and the International Criminal Court ( 2002 ) in the city further consolidated the role of The Hague as a center for international legal arbitration.

After crippling the US economy and becoming a nuclear power, Japan invades and takes the Marianas Islands ; the US and Japan fight a brief war, which the Japanese lose ( they are subsequently denuclearized ); an embittered Japanese pilot and proponent of the war crashes a 747 into the US Capitol Building immediately after Ryan's confirmation as Vice President, killing most of the House and Senate, the President, all nine Supreme Court justices, the senior military establishment ( including the JCS ), and most of the Cabinet.

In response to allegations that Michigan's militia fired upon Ohioans, Lucas called a special session of Ohio's Legislature on June 8, 1835 to pass several more controversial acts, including establishment of Toledo as the county seat of Lucas County, the establishment of a Court of Common Pleas in the city, a law to prevent the forcible abduction of Ohio citizens from the area and a budget of $ 300, 000 to implement the legislation.

In Walz v. Tax Commission, the Court ruled that a legitimate action could not entangle government with religion ; in Lemon v. Kurtzman, these points were combined, declaring that an action was not establishment if

It also deals with administrative matters, discipline, working methods, reforms, the establishment of Chambers and the adoption of the Rules of Court.

Attempts were made to reintroduce legal bans, but the Supreme Court ruled that bans on teaching evolutionary biology are unconstitutional as they violate the establishment clause of the US constitution, which forbids the government from advancing a particular religion.

This would eventually lead to another court case, Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District, which went to trial on September 26, 2005 and was decided in U. S. District Court on December 20, 2005 in favor of the plaintiffs, who charged that a mandate that intelligent design be taught was an unconstitutional establishment of religion.

Furthermore, constitutional issues, such as the establishment of the Supreme Court of New Zealand, may be done without a referendum.

The resolution sanctioned the establishment a no-fly zone and the use of " all means necessary " to protect civilians within Libya.

Warren Nord, in Does God Make a Difference ?, characterized the general tendency of the dissents as a weaker reading of the First Amendment ; the dissents tend to be " less concerned about the dangers of establishment and less concerned to protect free exercise rights, particularly of religious minorities.

While engaging a preshipment inspection agency may appear justified in a country with an inexperienced or inadequate Customs establishment, the measure has not really been able to plug the loophole and protect revenue.

The British Agricultural Revolution relied in large part on the establishment of a democratic government that used Parliament passed laws, English Common law, the established Courts with Judicial independence and the rule of law to protect life, liberty and property in England, Wales, Scotland, etc .. Empowering the farmers, investors, inventors and businessman was accomplished by increasingly and successfully restricting the power the Pope and the king and the so called " aristocracy " had in England.

Economic developments and the desire to protect trade achievements brought about the establishment of merchant and artisan guilds.

One function of a dowry may be to provide the husband with " seed money " or property for the establishment of a new household and to help feed and protect the family.

To make possible the establishment of settlements, military force became necessary to protect the friars and whatever basic settlement structures were beginning to emerge.

7 bis of the Paris Convention also requires signatories " to accept for filing and to protect collective marks belonging to associations the existence of which is not contrary to the law of the country of origin, even if such organizations do not possess an industrial or commercial establishment.

These incidents contributed to the rise of the Army Comrades Association, which was formed to protect the establishment conservative parties from the perceived threat of political violence.

Clem Miller, a US Congressman from Marin County wrote and introduced the bill for the establishment of Point Reyes National Seashore in 1962 to protect the peninsula from residential development which was proposed at the time for the slopes above Drake's Bay.

Concern with the threat of foreign attack had caused the government to review the harbour's inner defences, which were found to be inadequate, and the establishment of a fort was recommended to help protect Sydney Harbour from attack by foreign vessels.

Many other types of tunnels were adapte for shelters to protect the civil population, and the military and administrative establishment in the UK during the war.

He established Rundle Mall, enacted measures to protect buildings of historical heritage, and encouraged a flourishing of the arts, with support for the Adelaide Festival Centre, the State Theatre Company, and the establishment of the South Australian Film Corporation.

One of the objectives of the AOC establishment was to protect the name " Chablis ", which by this time was already being inappropriately used to refer to just about any white wine made from any number of white grape varieties all across the world.

For Marxists, the overthrow of the entire ruling class means not just a seizure of their state power, but the establishment of an entirely different sort of state, one structured to protect working class control of production -- such a fundamental change, it is usually argued, cannot take place within the electoral system of a state designed foremost for the protection of private property.

Leisler is reported to have made a long speech, claiming that he acted " for the glory of the Protestant interest, the establishment of the present government ", and to protect the province from outside forces.

That resulted in 2005 in the establishment of Australia's first " Special Entertainment Precinct ", designed to protect live music and new residents through planning restrictions.

Prior to the formal establishment of the seat of government, the commissioners hired six night watchmen to protect the designated buildings the government was intended to occupy.

In response the British adopted counter-insurgency tactics, including a scorched earth policy involving the burning of houses and crops, the establishment of concentration camps for Boer women and children, and a system of blockhouses and field obstacles to limit Boer mobility and to protect railway communications.

Early preservation efforts were driven by patriotism and a desire to protect the new establishment of the nation by wealthy, private individuals.

Mr Fisk alleged the existence of a vast network of prominent individuals from the legal profession, media, political establishment and medical profession who were paedophiles / pederasts and were colluding with senior ranks of the police service to protect its members from prosecution.

Since their formal establishment in the early 1950s, with British assistance they have twice overcome insurgencies which have threatened the integrity or social structure of the state, and more recently have contributed contingents or facilities to coalitions formed to protect the Persian Gulf states.

This led to the establishment of Heritage Montreal to protect historic buildings at the provincial level.

The battle to protect the public's right to rent videos was a major catalyst for the establishment of the Video Software Dealers Association in 1981.