Trinitite, the glassy residue left on the desert floor near Alamogordo, New Mexico, after the plutonium-based Trinity nuclear bomb test on 16 July 1945, contains traces of americium-241.

A medal awarded to women who served in the Women Army Auxiliary Corps from 10 July 1942 to 31 August 1943, and to the Women Army Corps from 1 September 1943 to 2 September 1945 featured Athena on the front.

* Potsdam Declaration: July 26, 1945.

In July 1957, former Conservative President Laureano Gómez ( 1950 – 1953 ) and former Liberal President Alberto Lleras ( 1945 – 1946, 1958 – 1962 ) issued the " Declaration of Sitges ," in which they proposed a " National Front ," whereby the Liberal and Conservative parties would govern jointly.

It was also the first full coalition in Britain since 1945, having been formed 70 years virtually to the day after the establishment of Winston Churchill's wartime coalition, although there had been the " Lib-Lab pact ", an agreement stopping short of a full coalition between the Labour and Liberal parties, from March 1977 until July 1978, when a series of by-election defeats had eroded Labour's majority of three seats which had been gained at the October 1974 election.

Included in that collection were “ Judgment Night ” ( first published in August and September, 1943 ), the lush rendering of a future galactic empire with a sober meditation on the nature of power and its inevitable loss ; “ The Code ” ( July, 1945 ), an homage to the classic Faust with modern theories and Lovecraftian dread ; “ Promised Land ” ( February, 1950 ) and “ Heir Apparent ” ( July, 1950 ) both documenting the grim twisting that mankind must undergo in order to spread into the solar system ; and “ Paradise Street ” ( September, 1950 ), a futuristic take on the Old West conflict between lone hunter and wilderness-taming settlers.

Fermi was present as an observer of the Trinity test on July 16, 1945.

He returned finally to London to cover the 1945 UK General Election at the beginning of July.

The International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) is an international organization that was created on July 22, 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference and came into existence on December 27, 1945 when 29 countries signed the Articles of Agreement.

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom | British Prime Minister Clement Attlee, President of the United States | U. S. President Harry S. Truman and Joseph Stalin at the Potsdam Conference, July 1945. At the Potsdam Conference from July to August 1945, though Germany had surrendered months earlier, instead of withdrawing Soviet forces from Eastern European countries, Stalin had not moved those forces.

By July 1945, Stalin's troops effectively controlled the Baltic States, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria and Romania, and refugees were fleeing out of these countries fearing a Communist take-over.

* 1945 – The Labour Party wins the United Kingdom general election of July 5 by a landslide, removing Winston Churchill from power.

* Gary Harold Lee Levitch was born on July 31, 1945 to Lewis and Patti Palmer.

The opera takes place in June and July 1945, mainly over the last few hours before the first atomic bomb explodes at the test site in New Mexico.

The U. S. turned over the city to the Red Army as it pulled back from the line of contact with Soviet forces in July 1945 to the pre-designated occupation zone boundaries.

These were first established in July 1945, when the Soviets forcibly ejected newly arrived Polish inhabitants from the parts of the city they wanted for their own use.

Ambroise-Paul-Toussaint-Jules Valéry (; 30 October 1871 – 20 July 1945 ) was a French poet, essayist, and philosopher.

Named in honor of Samuel Bell Maxey, it was activated on 15 July 1942 and deactivated 1 October 1945.

* In July 1945, John Curtin died suddenly.

Joseph Stalin and Harry Truman meeting at the Potsdam Conference on 18 July 1945.

In a secret detailed letter to the Soviet leadership of July 21, 1967, Sakharov explains the need to " take the Americans at their word " and accept their proposal " for a bilateral rejection by the USA and the Soviet Union of the development of antiballistic missile defense ", because otherwise an arms race in this new technology would increase the likelihood of nuclear war.

After this essay was circulated in samizdat and then published outside the Soviet Union ( initially on July 6, 1968, in the Dutch newspaper Het Parool through intermediary of the Dutch academic and writer Karel van het Reve, followed by The New York Times ), Sakharov was banned from all military-related research and returned to FIAN to study fundamental theoretical physics.

By the time of the 28th Congress of the CPSU in July 1990, the party was largely regarded as being unable to lead the country and had, in fifteen republics, split into opposing factions favouring either independent republics or the continuation of the Soviet Union.

On 3 July, American troops left the city and the city became part of the Soviet Zone of Occupation and East Germany.

* The first metalwork in open space consisting in works of welding, brazing and metal spraying were conducted by cosmonauts Svetlana Savitskaya and Vladimir Dzhanibekov of the Soviet Union on July 25, 1984.

The official term, " corrective labor camp ", was suggested for official politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union use in the session of July 27, 1929.

On 21 June 1941, the day before invasion of the Soviet Union, Himmler commissioned the preparation of the Generalplan Ost ( General Plan for the East ); the plan was finalised in July 1942.

In July 1922, Soviet author Maxim Gorky wrote to Hoover:

On July 25, 1961, Kennedy insisted in a presidential address that the U. S. would defend West Berlin, asserting its Four-Power rights, while making it clear that challenging the Soviet presence in Germany was not possible.

* IOI 1990 was held in Minsk, Belarus, Soviet Union, July 15 – 21, 1990

In July 1970, the US withdrew 50 % of its financial support to the ILO following the appointment of an Assistant-Director General from the Soviet Union.

In July 1942, Hitler praised the efficiency of the Soviet military industry and Stalin:

In July, following the Allied landings in France and the huge Soviet advances in Belarus, Hitler finally agreed to grant both of them increased powers.

When Dekanozov finally appeared, Ribbentrop read out a short statement saying that the Reich had been forced into " military countermeasures " because of an alleged Soviet plan to attack Germany in July 1941.

On 30 July Soviet officials announced that they had granted him political asylum in the USSR, as well as Soviet citizenship.

In July 1929 it remained official Soviet policy that the kulak should not be terrorised and should be enlisted into the collective farms.

From April – July, Soviet and German officials made statements regarding the potential for the beginning of political negotiations, while no actual negotiations took place during that time period.

In late July and early August 1939, Soviet and German officials agreed on most of the details for a planned economic agreement, and specifically addressed a potential political agreement, which the Soviets stated could only come after an economic agreement.

The Genoa Group of Eight Summit protest from July 18 to July 22, 2001 was one of the bloodiest protests in Western Europe's recent history, as evidenced by the wounding of hundreds of policemen and civilians forced to lock themselves inside of their homes and the death of a young Genoese anarchist named Carlo Giuliani — who was shot in the face while trying to throw a fire extinguisher on a police car — during two days of violence and rioting by fringe groups supported by the nonchalance of more consistent and peaceful masses of protesters, and the hospitalisation of several of those peaceful demonstrators just mentioned.

Clashes between police and Fanmi Lavalas supporters were common, and peacekeeping forces were accused of conducting a massacre against the residents of Cité Soleil in July 2005.

In July 2012, a Lebanese man was detained by Cyprus police on possible charges relating to terrorism laws for planning attacks against Israeli tourists.

On 27 July, police, soldiers, and persons claiming to be Suryadi supporters stormed the headquarters.

July 2005 saw the introduction of EUJUST LEX, the European Union's rule of law operation intended to train Iraqi police and legal officials in human rights along with other issues.

The second phase of the IRA campaign, roughly from January to July 1920, involved attacks on the fortified police barracks located in the towns.

* 2005 – Jean Charles de Menezes is killed by police as the hunt begins for the London Bombers responsible for the 7 July 2005 London bombings and the 21 July 2005 London bombings.

* 1927 – Massacre of July 15, 1927: 89 protesters are killed by the Austrian police in Vienna.

On 17 July, they murdered journalist and editor-in-chief of El Día newspaper, David Kraiselburd in the in the Manuel B. Gonnet suburb of Buenos Aires after an exchange of fire with police.

Violence increasingly escalated, breaking out during the July Revolt of 1927 and finally the Austrian Civil War, when the Schutzbund was defeated by the Heimwehr, police, and federal army.

On 6 July 2003, in response to a proposal to send 300 police and 2, 000 troops from Australia, New Zealand, Fiji and Papua New Guinea to Guadalcanal, warlord Harold Keke announced a ceasefire by faxing a signed copy of the announcement to the Solomons Prime Minister, Allan Kemakeza.

The RHINO organisation often faced legal troubles, and Geneva police evicted the inhabitants on July 23, 2007.

* July 23 – Candelária massacre: Brazilian police officers kill 8 street kids in Rio de Janeiro.

* July 7 – Double Seven Day scuffle: Secret police loyal to Ngo Dinh Nhu, brother of President Ngo Dinh Diem, attack American journalists including Peter Arnett and David Halberstam at a demonstration during the Buddhist crisis.

* July 23 – July 28 – Black militants led by Fred ( Ahmed ) Evans engage in a fierce gunfight with police in the Glenville Shootout of Cleveland, Ohio, in United States.

* July 31 – British police strike in London and Liverpool for recognition of the National Union of Police and Prison Officers ; over 2, 000 strikers are dismissed.

* July 29 – Young Irelander Rebellion: a nationalist revolt in County Tipperary against British rule is put-down by a government police force.

* July – Gangster Charlie Richardson is arrested by police and sentenced to 25 years in prison in the following year for his part in the Torture Gang assaults.

* July 18 – In Israel, a judge investigating a 1990 incident outside a mosque in Jerusalem in which at least 17 Palestinians were killed rules that Israeli police provoked the incident.

* July 24 – Several members of the Barrow Gang are injured or captured during a running battle with local police near Dexter, Iowa.

* July 15 – 85 protesters and five policemen are left dead after left-wing protesters and the Austrian police clash in Vienna.