Limits and colimits in a category C are defined by means of diagrams in C. Formally, a diagram of type J in C is a functor from J to C:

Formally, we start with a category C with finite products ( i. e. C has a terminal object 1 and any two objects of C have a product ).

Formally, suppose U is an open subset of the complex plane C, a is an element of U and f: U

* Ishpeming Middle School ( Formally C. L.

Formally, an analytic function ƒ ( z ) of the real or complex variables z < sub > 1 </ sub >,…, z < sub > n </ sub > is transcendental if z < sub > 1 </ sub >, …, z < sub > n </ sub >, ƒ ( z ) are algebraically independent, i. e., if ƒ is transcendental over the field C ( z < sub > 1 </ sub >, …, z < sub > n </ sub >).

Formally, a Lie superalgebra is a ( nonassociative ) Z < sub > 2 </ sub >- graded algebra, or superalgebra, over a commutative ring ( typically R or C ) whose product, called the Lie superbracket or supercommutator, satisfies the two conditions ( analogs of the usual Lie algebra axioms, with grading ):

Formally, a coalgebra over a field K is a vector space C over K together with K-linear maps Δ: C → C ⊗ C and ε: C → K such that

Formally, given two categories C and D, an equivalence of categories consists of a functor F: C → D, a functor G: D → C, and two natural isomorphisms ε: FG → I < sub > D </ sub > and η: I < sub > C </ sub >→ GF.

Formally, an absolute coequalizer of a pair in a category C is a coequalizer as defined above but with the added property that given any functor F ( Q ) together with F ( q ) is the coequalizer of F ( f ) and F ( g ) in the category D. Split coequalizers are examples of absolute coequalizers.

Formally, a vertex cover of a graph G is a set C of vertices such that each edge of G is incident to at least one vertex in C. The set C is said to cover the edges of G. The following figure shows examples of vertex covers in two graphs ( and the set C is marked with red ).

Formally, let S and T be finite sets and let F =

Formally, Φ = kx − ωt is the phase.

Formally, the theorem is stated as follows: There exist unique integers q and r such that a = qd + r and 0 ≤ r < | d |, where | d | denotes the absolute value of d.

Formally, if T is a complete sufficient statistic for θ and E ( g ( T )) = τ ( θ ) then g ( T ) is the minimum-variance unbiased estimator ( MVUE ) of τ ( θ ).

Formally, a deterministic Büchi automaton is a tuple A = ( Q, Σ, δ, q < sub > 0 </ sub >, F ) that consists of the following components:

Formally, let G be a Coxeter group with reduced root system R and k < sub > v </ sub > a multiplicity function on R ( so k < sub > u </ sub > = k < sub > v </ sub > whenever the reflections σ < sub > u </ sub > and σ < sub > v </ sub > corresponding to the roots u and v are conjugate in G ).

Formally, a composite number n = d · 2 < sup > s </ sup > + 1 with d being odd is called a strong pseudoprime to a relatively prime base a when one of the following conditions hold:

Formally, P is a symmetric polynomial, if for any permutation σ of the subscripts 1, 2, ..., n one has P ( X < sub > σ ( 1 )</ sub >, X < sub > σ ( 2 )</ sub >, …, X < sub > σ ( n )</ sub >) = P ( X < sub > 1 </ sub >, X < sub > 2 </ sub >, …, X < sub > n </ sub >).

Formally, this is described in algebraic notation like this: ( 19 + 1 ) + ( 15 − 1 ) = x, but even a young student might use this technique without calling it algebra.

Formally, a signed graph Σ is a pair ( G, σ ) that consists of a graph G = ( V, E ) and a sign mapping or signature σ from E to the sign group

This double bond is stronger than a single covalent bond ( 611 kJ / mol for C = C vs. 347 kJ / mol for C — C ) and also shorter with an average bond length of 1. 33 Angstroms ( 133 pm ).

A third twofold axis of rotation passes through the C = C = C bonds, and there is a mirror plane passing through both CH < sub > 2 </ sub > planes.

: H < sub > 2 </ sub > C = C = CH < sub > 2 </ sub > CH < sub > 3 </ sub > C ≡ CH

The C ≡ C bond distance of 121 picometers is much shorter than the C = C distance in alkenes ( 134 pm ) or the C-C bond in alkanes ( 153 pm ).

The slope field of F ( x ) = ( x < sup > 3 </ sup >/ 3 )-( x < sup > 2 </ sup >/ 2 )- x + c, showing three of the infinitely many solutions that can be produced by varying the Constant of integration | arbitrary constant C.

Thus, all the antiderivatives of x < sup > 2 </ sup > can be obtained by changing the value of C in F ( x ) = ( x < sup > 3 </ sup >/ 3 ) + C ; where C is an arbitrary constant known as the constant of integration.

If F is an antiderivative of f, and the function f is defined on some interval, then every other antiderivative G of f differs from F by a constant: there exists a number C such that G ( x ) = F ( x ) + C for all x.