Page "Pembina County, North Dakota" Paragraph 5

With the British defeat of France and takeover of its colonial territory, the Chippewa learned to deal with a new trading culture.

Armed with guns by trading and having adopted the horse from the Mandan and Hidatsa, by the end of the eighteenth century the Chippewa had migrated from woodlands to the Great Plains and begun to push the Lakota west before them.

By the time of the War of 1812, the Ojibwe allied with the British against the United States, hoping to forestall European-American settlers ' encroaching on their territory.

With the settlement of the northern boundary with Canada, the Chippewa within the Dakota Territory were forced to deal with the United States.

During the first half of the nineteenth century, the Chippewa had continued conflicts with the Lakota along the Red River, finally pushing them into present-day western North and South Dakota.