Catalan historian Xavier Diez report that the intentional communal experiments pioneered by Warren were influential in European individualist anarchists of the late 19th and early 20th centuries such as Émile Armand and the intentional communities started by them.

In Europe, the main propagandist of free love within individualist anarchism was Émile Armand.

The thought of German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche has been influential in individualist anarchism specifically in thinkers such as the French Émile Armand, the Italian Renzo Novatore, the Colombian Biofilo Panclasta, and also " translations of Nietzsche's writings in the United States very likely appeared first in Liberty, the anarchist journal edited by Benjamin Tucker ".

Her thought was mainly influenced by individualist anarchists such as Han Ryner and Émile Armand.

In France anti-militarism appeared strongly in individualist anarchist circles as Émile Armand founded " Ligue Antimilitariste " in 1902.

Émile Armand, influential French individualist anarchist and free love propagandistEuropean individualist anarchism proceeded from the roots laid by William Godwin, Pierre Joseph Proudhon and Max Stirner.

Émile Armand ( pseudonym of Ernest-Lucien Juin Armand ; 26 March 1872 in Paris – 19 February 1963 in Rouen ) was an influential French individualist anarchist at the beginning of the 20 < sup > th </ sup > century and also a dedicated free love / polyamory, intentional community, and pacifist / antimilitarist writer, propagandist and activist.

For Catalan historian Xavier Diez the political philosophy of Émile Armand can be understood through the consideration of 4 main themes: his definition of individualism, the dynamics between the individual and society, individualist ethics, and the subject of association between individualists.

Illegalism first rose to prominence among a generation of Europeans inspired by the unrest of the 1890s, during which Ravachol, Émile Henry, Auguste Vaillant, and Caserio committed daring crimes in the name of anarchism, in what is known as propaganda of the deed.

He then proceeded to have the room called the throne room ( due to the throne-like stone chair fixed in the room ) repainted by a father-and-son team of Swiss artists, the Émile Gilliérons Junior and Senior.

He proceeded as assistant professor in Université Lille Nord de France, where he succeeded Émile Borel as a professor of rational mechanics at École centrale de Lille until 1902.

The Carnot engine model was graphically expanded upon by Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron in 1834 and mathematically elaborated upon by Rudolf Clausius in 1857 and 66 from which the concept of entropy emerged.

French chemist Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, while working with holmium oxide, separated dysprosium oxide from it in Paris in 1886.

French chemist Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran actually carried out the separation of gadolinium metal from gadolinia, in 1886.

These prototypes were made in Boulogne-Billancourt by the Air Liquide company, following instructions from Cousteau and Émile Gagnan.

The word religion is sometimes used interchangeably with faith or belief system ; however, in the words of Émile Durkheim, religion differs from private belief in that it is " something eminently social ".

Many subscribers were alienated by Steiner's unpopular support of Émile Zola in the Dreyfus Affair and the journal lost more subscribers when Steiner published extracts from his correspondence with anarchist John Henry Mackay.

Samarium was discovered in 1879 by the French chemist Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran and named after the mineral samarskite from which it was isolated.

Modern academic sociology began with the analysis of religion in Émile Durkheim's 1897 study of suicide rates among Catholic and Protestant populations, a foundational work of social research which served to distinguish sociology from other disciplines, such as psychology.

After the death of Reclus as well as the main proponents of Le Play's ideas, and with Émile Durkheim turning away from his early concept of social morphology, Paul Vidal de la Blache, who noted that geography " is a science of places and not a science of men ", remained the most influential figure of French geography.

" It is in this way that systems theorists attempted to provide alternatives and an evolved ideation from orthodox theories with individuals such as Max Weber, Émile Durkheim in sociology and Frederick Winslow Taylor in scientific management, which were grounded in classical assumptions.

In addition to letters to and from Theo, other surviving documents include those to Van Rappard, Émile Bernard, van Gogh's sister Wil and her friend Line Kruysse.

" French Emperor Napoleon III and Prime Minister Émile Ollivier's eagerness to relieve France from internal political convulsions also contributed to France's declaration of war on Prussia.

Émile Benveniste argued that the pronouns " I " and " you " are fundamentally distinct from other pronouns because of their role in creating the subject.

But, as used by Émile Durkheim and later theorists, anomie is a reaction against or a retreat from the regulatory social controls of society, and is a completely separate concept from anarchy, which is an absence of effective rulers or leaders.

The nineteenth century French pioneer sociologist Émile Durkheim borrowed the word from French philosopher Jean-Marie Guyau and used it in his influential book Suicide ( 1897 ), outlining the social ( and not individual ) causes of suicide, characterized by an absence or diminution of standards or values ( referred to as normlessness ), and an associated feeling of alienation and purposelessness.

Émile Boisacq considered Ἑλένη to derive from the noun meaning " torch ".

On 19 September 1899, following a passionate campaign by his supporters, including leading artists and intellectuals like Émile Zola, Dreyfus was pardoned by President Émile Loubet in 1899 and released from prison.

The earliest glassware on display comes from Ancient Egypt and continues through the Ancient Roman, Medieval, Renaissance covering areas such as Venetian glass and Bohemian glass and more recent periods, including Art Nouveau glass by Louis Comfort Tiffany and Émile Gallé, the Art Deco style is represented by several examples by René Lalique.

Anthropologists from Émile Durkheim through Turner and contemporary theorists like Michael Silverstein ( 2004 ) treat ritual as social action aimed at particular transformations often conceived in cosmic terms.

Poulenc gave first performances of several of his new pieces-the Sonata for Two Clarinets, the Sonata for Piano Four Hands, a Sonata for Violin and Piano, and Trois mouvements perpétuels-at a series of concerts held from 1917 to 1920 in painter Émile Lejeune's Montparnasse studio.

Later, in the 1920s, Martin would for a time work closely with Émile Jaques-Dalcroze from whom he learned much about rhythm and musical theory.

In Émile Zola's novel Thérèse Raquin, Thérèse Raquin and her second husband Laurent accidentally reveal to Thérèse's aunt, Madame Raquin ( who has suffered from locked-in syndrome after a stroke ), that they have killed Camille Raquin ( Madame Raquin's son ).

The roots of the theory go back to the result of Émile Picard in 1879, showing that a non-constant complex-valued function which is analytic in the entire complex plane assumes all complex values save at most one.

And Émile Durkheim, whose contributions were instrumental in the formation of sociology and anthropology, laid down the principle: " The determining cause of a social fact should be sought among social facts preceding and not among the states of individual consciousness ".

French author Émile Gaboriau's Monsieur Lecoq ( 1868 ) laid the groundwork for the methodical, scientifically minded detective.

He finished 3 ’ 30 ” ahead of Albert Lemaître ( Peugeot ), followed by Doriot ( Peugeot ) at 16 ’ 30 ”, René Panhard ( Panhard ) at 33 ’ 30 ’’ and Émile Levassor ( Panhard ) at 55 ’ 30 ”.

Bloch was highly interdisciplinary, influenced by the geography of Paul Vidal de la Blache ( 1845 – 1918 ) and the sociology of Émile Durkheim ( 1858 – 1917 ).

Tylor's definition of animism has since largely been followed by anthropologists, such as Émile Durkheim, Claude Lévi-Strauss and Tim Ingold.

* 1908 – Fantasmagorie, the first animated cartoon, created by Émile Cohl, is shown in Paris, France.

The Baudot code, invented by Émile Baudot, is a character set predating EBCDIC and ASCII.

The Baudot code was created by Émile Baudot in 1870, patented in 1874, modified by Donald Murray in 1901, and standardized by CCITT as International Telegraph Alphabet No. 2 ( ITA2 ) in 1930.

The significance of this lemma was recognized by Émile Borel ( 1895 ), and it was generalized to arbitrary collections of intervals by Pierre Cousin ( 1895 ) and Henri Lebesgue ( 1904 ).

This was noted at the time by art critic and author Émile Zola, who offered his opinion:

Dysprosium was first identified in 1886 by Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, but was not isolated in pure form until the development of ion exchange techniques in the 1950s.

His adaptation of a French operetta by Émile Jonas called The Two Harlequins opened the new Gaiety Theatre, London in 1868, together with his distant cousin, W. S. Gilbert's, Robert the Devil and another piece.

The hypothetical boy, Émile, is to be raised in the countryside, which, Rousseau believes, is a more natural and healthy environment than the city, under the guardianship of a tutor who will guide him through various learning experiences arranged by the tutor.

Sophie, the young woman Émile is destined to marry, as a representative of ideal womanhood, is educated to be governed by her husband while Émile, as representative of the ideal man, is educated to be self-governing.

At the time, however, Rousseau's strong endorsement of religious toleration, as expounded by the Savoyard vicar in Émile, was interpreted as advocating indifferentism, a heresy, and led to the condemnation of the book in both Calvinist Geneva and Catholic Paris.

Thus the ceremony held at the site of the demolished Bastille, organized by the foremost artistic director of the Revolution, Jacques-Louis David, in August 1793 to mark the inauguration of the new republican constitution, an event coming shortly after the final abolition of all forms of feudal privilege, featured a cantata based on Rousseau's democratic pantheistic deism as expounded in the celebrated " Profession de foi d ' un vicaire savoyard " in Book Four of Émile.