Tatar was written with the Arabic alphabet prior to 1928, in the so-called İske imlâ alphabet and from 1920 to 1928 in the Yaña imlâ alphabet.

In 18th century Tatar literature, İske Qazan was said to have been founded by the brothers Altınbäk and Ğälimbäk during Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria.

* Old Town ( Russian: Старый Посад ; Tatar: İske Bistä ) and Tatar Town ( Russian: Татарская слобода ; Tatar: Tatar Bistäse ) regulated by khan of Qasim Khanate and Tatar noblemen ;

The Old Tatar language ( İske imlâ: يسكى تاتار تلى ( translit.

tt: İske Tatar ädäbi tele

İske imlâ ( " Old Orthography ", pronounced ) is a variant of the Arabic script, used for the Tatar language before 1920 and the Old Tatar language.

İske imlâ is frequently used for Tatar among Muslim clergy.

The word Kazan is written in Russian ( Казань ) and Tatar, İske imlâ ( قزان ).

قازان is a Tatar name of the city written in İske imlâ.

It was written in the İske imlâ variant of the Arabic script, but actual spelling varied regionally.

İske Qazan ( literally: Old Kazan ; Cyrillic: Иске Казан ), was a Bolghar-Tatar city in the 13-16th centuries, situated on the banks of the Qazansu river in the Qazan artı or Zakazanye region, in what is today the Russian Federation republic of Tatarstan.

In 1552 İske Qazan was ruined by Russian troops.

European and Russian loanwords were pronounced according to how they could be written with the İske imlâ, so that, for example, " equator " was spelled " ikwatur ".

The language formerly used the Arabic script and later its variant İske imlâ.

Another version is that he founded İske Qazan.

Today the Urıs Urmatı and Qamay ruins are the ruins of İske Qazan.

Dini kitaplar ( Religious books ) written in Cyrillic and İske imlâ.

Fragment of the map called Great Tatar (« Carte de Tartarie », Guillaume de L ’ Isle ( 1675 — 1726 ))

The Battle of Berestechko (; ) was fought between the Ukrainian Cossacks, led by Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, aided by their Crimean Tatar allies, and a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth army under King John II Casimir.

During the fighting, a Polish nobleman called Otwinowski noticed the Tatar Khan's standard, and Polish artillery was directed to fire at it.

After making promises of a pecuniary nature, Khmelnytsky was soon released by the Tatar Khan.

A major factor in the ascendancy of Moscow was the cooperation of its rulers with the Mongol overlords, who granted them the title of Grand Prince of Moscow and made them agents for collecting the Tatar tribute from the Russian principalities.

Masud Sabri, a Uyghur was appointed as Governor of Xinjiang by the Kuomintang, as was the Tatar Burhan Shahidi and the Uyghur Yulbars Khan.

Some claim it was a Tatar invention and was introduced into Russia in the 15th century, perhaps by Grand Duke Ivan III the Great ( 1462 – 1505 ).

Eastern Europe suffered a series of Tatar invasions, the goal of which was to loot and capture slaves into jasyr.

But a sortie of the garrison of Astrakhan drove back the besiegers ; a Russian relief army of 15, 000 attacked and scattered the workmen and the Tatar force sent for their protection ; and finally, the Ottoman fleet was destroyed by a storm.

The fortress Sary Su ( a local Tatar language name meaning: yellow water / river ), was established to defend the unstable southern border of the country.

From 1569, the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth suffered a series of Tatar invasions, the goal of which was to loot, pillage and capture slaves into jasyr.

At first it was collected in a rough-and-ready fashion by Tatar tax-gatherers, by about 1259 it was regulated by a census of the population, and finally its collection was entrusted to the native princes, so that the people were no longer brought into direct contact with the Tatar officials.

By 1450, the Tatar language had become fashionable in the court of the Grand Prince of Moscow, Vasily II, who was accused of excessive love of the Tatars and their speech, and many Russian noblemen adopted Tatar surnames ( for example, a member of the Veliamanov family adopted the Turkic name " Aksak " and his descendents were the Aksakovs ) Many Russian boyar ( noble ) families traced their descent from the Mongols or Tatars, including Veliaminov-Zernov, Godunov, Arseniev, Bakhmetev, Bulgakov ( descendents of Bulgak ) and Chaadaev ( descendents of Genghis Khan's son Jagatay ).

The predecessor of Odessa, a small Tatar settlement, was founded by Hacı I Giray, the Khan of Crimea, in 1240 and originally named after him as " Hacıbey ".

The site of present-day Odessa was then a town known as Khadjibey ( named for Hacı I Giray, and also spelled Kocibey in English, Hacıbey or Hocabey in Turkish, and Hacıbey in Crimean Tatar ).

The name " Tatars " was used an alternative term for the Shiwei, a nomadic confederation to which these Tatar people belonged.

The process was encouraged by the Lithuanian princes, who invited Tatar Muslims from the Crimea and the Golden Horde as guards of state borders.

The Tatar settlers were all granted with szlachta ( nobility ) status, a tradition that was preserved until the end of the Commonwealth in the 18th century.

Central Tatar is the base of literary Tatar.

When after the end of the ' Tatar yoke ' the territory of former Kievan Rus was divided between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Grand Duchy of Moscow, two separate literary languages emerged in these states, Ruthenian in the west and medieval Russian in the east.

As a result of a later mixing of the Kipchak and Bolgar languages, the literary language of the Golden Horde became what is now called the Old Tatar language, and eventually evolved into the modern Tatar language.

As the Ukrainian language developed further, some borrowings from Tatar and Turkish occurred.

There, Sobieski learnt the Tatar language and studied Turkish military traditions and tactics.

The Volga Tatars used the Turkic Old Tatar language for their literature between the 15th and 19th centuries.

The Kazan Tatars speak the Tatar language, a Turkic language with substantial amount of Russian and Arabic loanwords.

Mişär-Tatars ( or Mishars ) are a group of Tatars speaking a dialect of the Tatar language.

Although by the 18th century the Tatars adopted the local language, the Islamic religion and many Tatar traditions ( e. g. the sacrifice of bulls in their mosques during the main religious festivals ) were preserved.

The Tatar language together with the Bashkir language forms the Kypchak-Bolgar ( also " Uralo-Caspian ") group within the Kypchak languages ( Northwestern Turkic ).

* Crimean Tatar language, ISO 639-2 code for Crimean Tatar language

The Tatar language ( татар теле, татарча, tatar tele, tatarça ), or more specifically Kazan Tatar, is a Turkic language spoken by the Tatars of historical Kazan Khanate, including modern Tatarstan and Bashkortostan.

It should not be confused with the Crimean Tatar language, to which it is remotely related.

94 % of ethnic Tatar claimed knowledge of Tatar language during the 2002 census.

Cover page of Tatar Yana imla book, printed with Separated Tatar language in Arabic script in 1924