גלגול הנשמות, Plural: גלגולים Gilgulim ) describes a Kabbalistic concept of reincarnation.

Reincarnation refers to an afterlife concept found among Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, Sikhs, Rosicrucians, Spiritists, and Wiccans.

In a historical or geopolitical sense the term usually refers collectively to Christian majority countries or countries in which Christianity dominates or was a territorial phenomenon .“ Christendom is originally a medieval concept steadily to have evolved since the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the gradual rise of the Papacy more in religio-temporal implication practically during and after the reign of Charlemagne ; and the concept let itself to be lulled in the minds of the staunch believers to the archetype of a holy religious space inhabited by Christians, blessed by God, the Heavenly Father, ruled by Christ through the Church and protected by the Spirit-body of Christ ; no wonder, this concept, as included the whole of Europe and then the expanding Christian territories on earth, strengthened the roots of Romance of the greatness of Christianity in the world .”

Many of the views which directed Leadbeater's understanding of the chakras were influenced by previous theosophist authors, in particular Johann Georg Gichtel, a disciple of Jakob Böhme, and his book Theosophia Practica ( 1696 ), in which Gitchtel directly refers to inner force centers, a concept reminiscent of the chakras.

Antoine Lavoisier, in his famed 1789 Traité Élémentaire de Chimie ( Elements of Chemistry ), refers to Bergmann ’ s work and discusses the concept of elective affinities or attractions.

" It discusses the distinction between colonialism and imperialism and states that " given the difficulty of consistently distinguishing between the two terms, this entry will use colonialism as a broad concept that refers to the project of European political domination from the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries that ended with the national liberation movements of the 1960s.

" The concept of cyberspace therefore refers not to the content being presented to the surfer, but rather to the possibility of surfing among different sites, with feedback loops between the user and the rest of the system creating the potential to always encounter something unknown or unexpected.

These are called " universal names "; their meaning is a " concept " and refers to a series of objects ( the extension of the concept ).

Evolutionism refers to the biological concept of evolution, specifically to a widely held 19th century belief that organisms are intrinsically bound to increase in complexity.

The concept of self-efficacy, which played an important role in later developments of the theory, refers to the learner's belief in his or her ability to perform the modeled behavior.

" Economies of scale " is a long run concept and refers to reductions in unit cost as the size of a facility and the usage levels of other inputs increase.

A related concept is the strength of memory that refers to the durability that memory traces in the brain.

While the general concept of a " Spirit " that permeates the cosmos is a general feature of most religions ( e. g. Brahman in Hinduism and Tao in Taoism and Great Spirit among Indigenous peoples of the Americas ), the term Holy Spirit specifically refers to the beliefs held in the Abrahamic religions.

IKEA contends that it has been a pioneering force in sustainable approaches to mass consumer culture .. Kamprad refers to the concept as " democratic design ," meaning that the company applies an integrated approach to manufacturing and design ( see also environmental design ).

Icon refers to this concept as goal-directed execution, referring to the way that execution continues until some goal is reached.

The name was taken from writings of egoist philosopher Max Stirner, who had greatly influenced the young Brand, and refers to Stirner's concept of " self-ownership " of the individual.

An apparently cognate form, perhaps a loanword, occurs in the Ainu language as kamuy and refers to an animistic concept very similar to Japanese kami.

It is synonymous with the concept of liberation ( moksha ) which refers to release from a state of suffering after an often lengthy period of committed spiritual practice.

The Bahá ' í Faith refers to what are commonly called prophets as " Manifestations of God " who are directly linked with the concept of Progressive revelation.

The " top-down " processing refers to a person's concept and expectations ( knowledge ) that influence perception.

Kurzweil refers to this concept as the " Law of Accelerating Returns ", and has asserted that this is supported by a number of metrics.

In the " Series Three concept Artwork Gallery ", when referring to the burnt out sonic screwdriver, Peter McKinstry says " the green crystal structure visible under the shattered dome refers back to the TARDIS console crystal.

" This refers to the belief that worshipful adoration of Krishna can lead believers out of the cycle of reincarnation, or samsara, and into an eternal blissful life in Vaikuntha, ' beyond this material world ' where Govinda resides.

In the work by anthropologist Raphael Patai entitled The Hebrew Goddess, the author argues that the term Shekhinah refers to a goddess by comparing and contrasting scriptural and medieval Jewish Kabbalistic source materials.

In her writings she aimed at showing how different spiritual systems share a common source, and therefore refers to Vedantic, Buddhist, Samkhyan, Tantric, Neoplatonic, Ancient Egyptian, Kabbalistic, and Occult systems.

* Minhag Sefaradi: in general refers to the various Sephardi liturgies, but also to obligation / permissibility of Kabbalistic elements within the rite.

In the United States and Canada, the term Conservative, as applied, does not always indicate that a congregation is affliliated with the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism, the movement's central institution and the one to which the term, without qualifier, usually refers.

" The law " in Judaism refers primarily to biblical law, given to the Israelites by God through Moses, as well as interpretations of the meaning and application of those rules.

Orthodox Judaism generally refers to Modern Orthodox Judaism and Haredi Judaism but can actually include a wide range of beliefs.

Reform Judaism is a phrase that refers to various beliefs, practices and organizations associated with the Reform Jewish movement in North America, the United Kingdom and elsewhere.

On the one hand it refers to the phenomenon of being saved by divine agency — such as is the case in Christianity, Judaism and Islam.

" It is important to note that " the predicate ' personal ' as applied to God " does not mean that God is corporeal or anthropomorphic, views which Judaism has always rejected ; rather, " personality " refers not to physicality but to " inner essence, psychical, rational, and moral.

In Judaism, the term " Torah " refers not only to the Five Books of Moses, but also to all of the Jewish scriptures ( the whole of Tanakh ), and the ethical and moral instructions of the rabbis ( the Oral Torah ).

* Baal teshuva, a term that often refers to a Jew who turns to embrace Orthodox Judaism

Although the word " Torah " refers specifically to the Five Books of Moses, in Judaism the word also refers to the Tanakh ( Hebrew Bible ), the Talmud and other religious works, even including the study of Kabbalah, Hasidism, Mussar and much more.

Holocaust theology ( from the Greek: hólos, " whole " and kaustós, " burnt "), refers to a body of theological and philosophical debate and reflection, and related literature, primarily within Judaism, that attempts to come to grips with various conflicting views about the role of God in the universe and the human world in light of the Holocaust of the late 1930s and 1940s when approximately 11 million people, including 6 million Jews, were subjected to genocide by the Nazi regime and its allies.

The Holy Land (; Eretz HaQodesh ; Arabic: ) is a term which in Judaism refers to the Kingdom of Israel as defined in the Tanakh.

Baal teshuva or ba ' al teshuvah (; for a woman, בעלת תשובה, baalat teshuva ; plural, בעלי תשובה, baalei teshuva ), sometimes abbreviated to BT, is a term that often refers to a Jew who turns to embrace Orthodox Judaism.

The Tzadikim Nistarim (, hidden righteous ones ) or Lamed Vav Tzadikim (, 36 righteous ones ), often abbreviated to Lamed Vav ( niks ), refers to 36 Righteous people, a notion rooted within the more mystical dimensions of Judaism.

The former term refers to the sacrificial ritual leaders of Judaism, the kohanim, and to those holding the office of conducting sacrifices in ancient pagan temples, whereas the latter term refers to an acknowledged elder of a community.

The Holy Spirit in Judaism generally refers to the divine aspect of prophecy and wisdom.

The term also refers to an emerging Jewish movement, the Jewish Renewal movement, which describes itself as " a worldwide, transdenominational movement grounded in Judaism ’ s prophetic and mystical traditions.

1996 ), says " But to the Bible man is not a soul in a body but a body / soul unity ", the Encyclopedia of Judaism ’ ( 2000 ), says " Scripture does not present even a rudimentarily developed theology of the soul ", the New Dictionary of Theology ’ ( 2000 ), and " The notion of the soul as an independent force that animates human life but that can exist apart from the human body — either prior to conception and birth or subsequent to life and death — is the product only of later Judaism ", Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible ( 2000 ), says " Far from referring simply to one aspect of a person, “ soul ” refers to the whole person ", the International Standard Bible Encyclopedia says " Possibly Jn.

Reconciliation between Christianity and Judaism refers to the efforts that are being made to improve understanding of the Jewish people and of Judaism, to do away with Christian antisemitism and Jewish anti-Christian sentiment.