The fourth generation of Annales historians, led by Roger Chartier ( 1945 – ), clearly distanced itself from the mentalities approach, replaced by the cultural and linguistic turn, which emphasize analysis of the social history of cultural practices.

* 1968 – Nicolae Ceaușescu, leader of Communist Romania, publicly condemns the Soviet led Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, encouraging the Romanian population to arm itself against possible Soviet reprisals.

* 1784 – Western North Carolina ( now eastern Tennessee ) declares itself an independent state under the name of Franklin ; it is not accepted into the United States, and only lasts for four years.

* 1849 – After a month-long siege, Venice, which had declared itself independent as the Republic of San Marco, surrenders to Austria.

* 1849 – Hungary declares itself independent of Austria with Lajos Kossuth as its leader.

This inhibition of MAO-A allows DMT to diffuse unmetabolized past the membranes in the stomach and small intestine, and eventually cross the blood – brain barrier ( which, by itself, requires no MAO-A inhibition ) to activate receptor sites in the brain.

The idea that immediately suggested itself was that the star's declination varied because of short-term changes in the orientation of the Earth's axis relative to the celestial sphere – a phenomenon known as nutation.

* Exchange-traded fund arbitrage – Exchange Traded Funds allow authorized participants to exchange back and forth between shares in underlying securities held by the fund and shares in the fund itself, rather than allowing the buying and selling of shares in the ETF directly with the fund sponsor.

The French commanders were, however, divided as to how to utilise the Nebel: Tallard's tactic – opposed by Marsin and the Elector who felt it better to close their infantry right up to the stream itself – was to lure the allies across before unleashing their cavalry upon them, causing panic and confusion ; whilst the enemy was struggling in the marshes, they would be caught in crossfire from Blenheim and Oberglauheim.

The film is ultimately significant insofar as it displays the first enunciation of De Palma's style in all its major traits – voyeurism, guilt, and a hyper-consciousness of the medium are all on full display, not just as hallmarks, but built into this formal, material apparatus itself.

On 21 April 2008, BBC News 24 was renamed BBC News on the channel itself – but is referred to as the BBC News Channel on other BBC services.

The music was revised completely but the biggest change came in the footage used – reflecting the methods and nature of newsgathering, while a strong emphasis was placed on the BBC logo itself.

Following a Royal Commission report in 1906, work began on a new prayer book, work that was to take twenty years due in part to the demands of the Great War ( 1914 – 18 ) and in part to the constitution of the Church Assembly in 1920 which " perhaps not unnaturally wished to do the work all over again for itself.

The ELN guerrilla had been seriously crippled by military operations in the region of Anorí by 1974, but it managed to reconstitute itself and escape destruction, in part due to the administration of Alfonso López Michelsen ( 1974 – 1978 ) allowing it to escape encirclement, hoping to initiate a peace process with the group.

The CIRA considers itself a direct continuation of the Irish Republican Army ( the army of the unilaterally-declared 1919 – 1922 Irish Republic ) that fought in the Irish War of Independence ; as such, its supporters regard it as the national army of a 32 county Irish Republic.

According to Emile Benveniste ( 1954 ), the earliest written occurrence in English of civilisation in its modern sense may be found in Adam Ferguson's An Essay on the History of Civil Society ( Edinburgh, 1767 – p. 2 ): " Not only the individual advances from infancy to manhood, but the species itself from rudeness to civilisation.

The ethical standing of wider forms of supposedly “ altruistic ” specific coercion – like political and thought coercion – is however much more controversial, along lines relating to the assumed relationship between coercion and freedom, which is often regarded as an ethical value in itself.

In object-oriented programming, a class is a construct that is used to create instances of itself – referred to as class instances, class objects, instance objects or simply objects.

Although Diffie – Hellman key agreement itself is an anonymous ( non-authenticated ) key-agreement protocol, it provides the basis for a variety of authenticated protocols, and is used to provide perfect forward secrecy in Transport Layer Security's ephemeral modes ( referred to as EDH or DHE depending on the cipher suite ).

Licensed miniature manufacturers who produced official figures include Grenadier Miniatures ( 1980 – 1983 ), Citadel Miniatures ( 1984 – 1986 ), Ral Partha, and TSR itself.

The Danish Defence, counting all branches and all departments, itself has an income equal to about 1 – 5 % of its expenditures, depending on the year.

* Dysgraphia – a disorder which expresses itself primarily through writing or typing, although in some cases it may also affect eye – hand coordination, direction-or sequence-oriented processes such as tying knots or carrying out a repetitive task.

Following retirement from professional football, he developed a career in the media, initially on BBC Radio 5 Live and as a football pundit before replacing Des Lynam as the BBC's anchorman for football coverage, including their flagship football television programme Match of the Day, and as a team captain on the acerbic sports game show, They Think It's All Over from 1995 to 2003, where he was heavily ( though affectionately ) ridiculed for being a " goal hanger ", described as " lethal from twelve inches " – a parody of Lineker's short-range scoring prowess.

Other sketches included " Superthunderstingcar ", a parody of the Gerry Anderson marionette TV shows, and Cook's pastiche of 1960s trendy arts documentaries – satirised in a parodic TV segment on Greta Garbo.

A comic parody of Faust, it stars Cook as George Spigott ( The Devil ) who tempts Stanley Moon ( Moore ), a frustrated, short-order chef, with the promise of gaining his heart's desire – the unattainable beauty and waitress at his cafe, Margaret Spencer ( Eleanor Bron ) – in exchange for his soul, but repeatedly tricks him.

Let The Blood Run Free ( 1990 – 94 ) was an Australian parody of medical drama series.

The narrative tone of television espionage ranged from the drama of Danger Man ( 1960 – 68 ) to the sardonicism of The Man from U. N. C. L. E ( 1964 – 68 ) and the flippancy of I Spy ( 1965 – 68 ) until the exaggeration, akin to that of William Le Queux and E. Phillips Oppenheim before the First World War ( 1914 – 18 ), degenerated to the parody of Get Smart ( 1965 – 70 ).

Another indication of the popularity of " Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus " is the use of " Yes, Virginia, there is ( a ) ( subject – person, object, activity, and / or concept )" ( or similar phrase ) in satire, parody, and as an idiomatic expression to insist that something is true, without the expression becoming a cliché.

The 2000 parody film Shriek If You Know What I Did Last Friday the Thirteenth was released in Italy with the title Shriek – Hai impegni per venerdì 17?

* Rebecca and Rowena ( 1850 ), a parody sequel of Ivanhoe – ISBN 1-84391-018-7

* Swedish Chef – Cooking show parody.

* Measure for Measure Comic – a parody webcomic adaptation of the play.

* Bertha's Kitty Boutique ( having locations in the " Dales " shopping centers: " Roy ' n ' Dale, Airedale, Teasdale, Clydesdale, Chippendale, Mondale, and all the other fine shopping centers " – a parody of Minneapolis-area shopping malls such as Southdale, Ridgedale, Brookdale, Rosedale, etc.

In the late 1980s, Willis enjoyed moderate success as a recording artist, recording an album of pop-blues titled The Return of Bruno, which included the hit single " Respect Yourself ", promoted by a Spinal Tap – like rockumentary parody featuring scenes of him performing at famous events including Woodstock.

Evil, the character played by Mike Myers in the Austin Powers comedy films ( 1997 – 2002 ), is a parody of Pleasence's performance as Blofeld in You Only Live Twice.

Sherman would later parody this same song as " Little Butterball " – with the same subject matter – on his album Allan in Wonderland.

Australian comedy has a strong tradition of self-mockery, from the outlandish Barry McKenzie expat-in-Europe movies of the 1970s, to the quirky outback characters of the Crocodile Dundee films of the 1980s, the suburban parody of Working Dog Productions ' 1997 film The Castle and the dysfunctional suburban mother – daughter sitcom Kath & Kim.

Some of the most memorable sketches included Gina Riley, Jane Turner and Magda Szubanski's Kath and Kim, which would later give rise to the spin – off series of the same name ; Dumb Street, a parody of Home and Away and Neighbours ; a lampoon of Skippy ; Moon and Vizard breaking up in their parody of Kung Fu ;

He was thereafter a regular on NBC's Laramie western series ( 1959 – 1963 ) with John Smith and Robert Fuller, co-starred in The Helen Morgan Story on CBS's Playhouse 90 ( 1957 ) and provided the voice for a stone-age parody of himself, " Stoney Carmichael ", in an episode of ABC's The Flintstones, which aired in September 1961.

* John Austin ( legal philosopher ) ( 1790 – 1859 ), English jurist

* John Arnold Austin ( 1905 – 1941 ), American sailor

* John M. Pierce ( 1886 – 1958 ) was one of the founders of the Springfield Telescope Makers.

Historian John Huddleston estimates the death toll at ten percent of all Northern males 20 – 45 years old, and 30 percent of all Southern white males aged 18 – 40.

He was the fourth child of Ondrej Varchola ( Americanized as Andrew Warhola, Sr., 1889 – 1942 ) and Júlia ( née Zavacká, 1892 – 1972 ), whose first child was born in their homeland and died before their move to the U. S. Andy had two older brothers, Paul, born about 1923, and John, born about 1925.

* 1385 – John, Master of the Order of Aviz, is made king John I of Portugal.

* 1808 – John Jacob Astor incorporates the American Fur Company, that would eventually make him America's first millionaire.

* 1849 – John William Waterhouse, British painter ( d. 1917 )

* 1871 – Prince Alexander John of Wales ( d. 1871 )

* 1947 – John Ratzenberger, American actor

* 1960 – John Pizzarelli, American jazz guitarist, songwriter, singer and bandleader

* 1792 – John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham, English statesman ( d. 1840 )

* 1940 – John Hagee, American pastor and televangelist

* 1944 – John Kay, German-Canadian singer-songwriter and musician ( The Sparrows and Steppenwolf )

* 1865 – Abraham Lincoln dies after being shot the previous evening by actor John Wilkes Booth.

* 1971 – John Boyne, Irish novelist

* 1981 – John O ' Shea, Irish footballer

* 1665 – John Hervey, 1st Earl of Bristol, English politician ( d. 1751 )

* 1724 – John Joachim Zubly, Swiss-American pastor, planter, and statesman ( d. 1781 )

* 1904 – John Hay Whitney, American businessman, publisher, and diplomat, founded J. H.

* 1947 – John Morrison, New Zealand cricketer

* 1948 – John Mehler, American drummer ( Love Song )