* 1385 – Portuguese Crisis of 1383 – 1385: Battle of Aljubarrota – Portuguese forces commanded by King John I and his general Nuno Álvares Pereira defeat the Castilian army of King John I.

* History of Poland ( 1385 – 1569 )

** Andronikos IV Palaiologos ( 1348 – 1385 )

* 1463 – Isidore of Kiev ( b. 1385 )

This coalition was a prelude to Union of Krewo in 1385 and Union of Lublin in 1569 that resulted in the new state, Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth.

*** House of Aviz ( 1385 – 1580 ) – illegitimate male-line descent from the Capetian Dynasty

*** House of Bourbon – Preaux branch ( 1385 – 1429 )

** Mary ( 1382 – 1385, 1386 – 1395 )

** Charles II ( 1385 – 1386 )

* History of Poland ( 966 – 1385 )

Category: History of Poland ( 966 – 1385 )

* Jan van Eyck, painter ( c. 1385 – 1441 )

* History of Poland ( 966 – 1385 )

* History of Poland ( 1385 – 1569 )

The Grand Duchy, a formidable power, formed in 1385 a dynastic union with Poland and became Christianized, merging into the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1569.

Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor once again asked for help of Gustav I of Sweden, and The Kingdom of Poland ( 1385 – 1569 ) also began direct negotiations with Gustav, but nothing resulted because on September 29, 1560, Gustav I Vasa died.

In August 1385, served King Richard under the command of John of Gaunt again in Scotland.

* date unknown – John FitzAlan, 13th Earl of Arundel ( born 1385 )

** Beatrice, Queen of Portugal in the 1383 – 1385 crisis and Queen-consort of John I of Castile ( b. 1372 )

** John I of Alençon ( b. 1385 )

On April 16 1385, João das Regras showed at the Cortes assembled in Coimbra that they had the right to choose John of Aviz as their new king.

John of Castile marched into Portugal with a large army in August 1385.

For example, the double marriage in 1385 at Cambrai of his son, John the Fearless, and his daughter, Marguerite, to Margaret of Bavaria and William of Bavaria, son and daughter of Albert, Count of the neighbouring Hainault and Holland, prepared the later union of Hainault and Holland with Burgundy and Flanders, as carried out by Philip's grandson, Philip the Good ; the marriages also inserted the new Valois Burgundy dynasty into the Wittelsbach network of alliances: the other daughters of Count Albert had married William I, Duke of Guelders and Wenceslaus, King of Bohemia ; their cousin, Isabeau of Bavaria, had married Charles VI of France, and become Queen of France.

* John I of Alençon ( 1385 – 1415 )

In 1385, Sir John Holland, an adult son of her first marriage, was campaigning with the King in the Kingdom of Scotland, when a quarrel broke out between him and Ralph Stafford, son of the 2nd Earl of Stafford, a favourite of the new Queen Anne of Bohemia.

* John de la Pole ( born c. 1385 ), MP for Derbyshire ( UK Parliament constituency ) in 1416, 1417 and 1426

John Howard was the son of Sir Robert Howard ( 1385 – 1436 ) and the former Lady Margaret de Mowbray ( 1388 – 1459 ), eldest daughter of Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk ( of the first creation ) ( 1366 – 1399 ) and Lady Elizabeth FitzAlan ( 1366 – 1425 ).

In June 1385, a force of 1200 French soldiers joined the Scots in a campaign that involved the Earl of Douglas and two of Robert's sons, John, Earl of Carrick and Robert, Earl of Fife.

He was resisted by supporters of his rival for the throne John I of Portugal, and was utterly defeated at the battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385.

In March 1385 he went to Coimbra, to which he had summoned the Portuguese Cortes ; they declared Beatrice illegitimate and proclaimed the Master of Aviz to be King of Portugal as John I on 6 April.

John I of Castile, accompanied by allied French cavalry, then entered Portugal again by way of Ciudad Rodrigo and Celorico to conquer Lisbon and remove John I from the Portuguese throne, but the disastrous defeats suffered by his army in Trancoso and Aljubarrota in May and August of 1385 ended any possibility of his reigning as king of Portugal.

John became the first king of the House of Aviz in 1385.

John was the Master of the military order of Avis, and he would become the founder of the Avis dynasty in 1385, after defeating an attempt by Beatrice of Portugal and John I of Castile to ascend the Portuguese throne.

Image: Roudnicka madona. jpg | Roudnice Madonna, c. 1385 – 90, Master of the Třeboň Altarpiece, Bohemia

* John I, then Master of Aviz, was elected by the Council of the Kingdom King of Portugal on 6 April 1385 in the aftermath of 1383 – 1385 Crisis, his half-brother Ferdinand I had died without a male heir in October 1383, strenuous efforts were made to secure the throne for Princess Beatrice, Ferdinand's only daughter and Queen consort of Castile and León or her uncles Infante John, Duke of Valencia de Campos and Infante Denis, Lord of Cifuentes, but the Council elected the younger and yet illegitimate son of Peter I.

But a rebellion led by the Master of the Order of Aviz, the future John I, immediately began, leading to the 1383 – 1385 Crisis.

In 1385, the Interregnum of the 1383-1385 crisis ended with the proclamation by the Master of the Order of Aviz of John I, natural son of king Peter I and Dona Teresa Lourenço, as king.

Robin von Eltz served as Master of the Livonian Order from 1385 until 1389.

During the Portuguese Interregnum and 1383 – 1385 Crisis, the bourgeoisie and nobles of Sines were one of the municipalities that supported the Master of the Order of Aviz, the later King John I of Portugal in his battle for the throne.

Then — just as in 1580 — the king of Castile had invoked blood descent to inherit the Portuguese throne ; and the Master of Aviz ( John I ), illegitimate son of King Peter I, asserted his right to the throne at the Battle of Aljubarrota, which ended in a victory for John's troops, and in the Cortes of Coimbra in 1385.

Meanwhile, his connections with Castile eventually cost him the throne, thanks to the argumentation of Master João das Regras at the Cortes of Coimbra in 1385.