While the term — literally meaning " sailing the air "— originally referred solely to the science of operating the aircraft, it has since been expanded to include technology, business and other aspects related to aircraft.

In 1929, Edwin Hubble discovered that the distances to far away galaxies were generally proportional to their redshifts — an idea originally suggested by Lemaître in 1927.

Mirroring the circumstances of his first union, Lita Grey was a teenage actress — originally set to star in The Gold Rush — whose surprise announcement of pregnancy forced Chaplin into marriage.

Harvard Square was originally the northwestern terminus of the Red Line and a major transfer point to streetcars that also operated in a short tunnel — which is still a major bus terminal, although the area under the Square was reconfigured dramatically in the 1980s when the Red Line was extended.

In general topological spaces, however, the different notions of compactness are not equivalent, and the most useful notion of compactness — originally called bicompactness — involves families of open sets that " cover " the space in the sense that each point of the space must lie in some set contained in the family.

The whole is surrounded by a circle of granite stones set on their edge which once surrounded the cairn — the rocks of which are now scattered around — that was originally built over a large kistvaen that still exists beneath the pedestal.

" The word " mathematics " may have originally been plural in concept, referring to mathematic endeavors, but metonymic shift — that is, the shift in concept from " the endeavors " to " the whole set of endeavors "— produced the usage of " mathematics " as a singular entity taking singular verb forms.

A ' documentary film ' was originally shot on film stock — the only medium available — but now includes video and digital productions that can be either direct-to-video, made as a television program or released for screening in cinemas.

The term ' dualism ' was originally coined to denote co-eternal binary opposition, a meaning that is preserved in metaphysical and philosophical duality discourse but has been diluted in general or common usages .— which is also uncreated — is an absolute one.

Several are known to have occurred in Indo-European languages, including the presumed original Proto-Indo-European words for bear (* rkso ), wolf (* wlk < sup > w </ sup > o ), and deer ( originally, hart — although the word hart remained commonplace in parts of England until the 20th century as is witnessed by the widespread use of the pub sign The White Hart ).

In 288 BC, the Mamertines — a group of Italian ( Campanian ) mercenaries originally hired by Agathocles of Syracuse — occupied the city of Messana ( modern Messina ) in the northeastern tip of Sicily, killing all the men and taking the women as their wives.

Cantor's theory of transfinite numbers was originally regarded as so counter-intuitive — even shocking — that it encountered resistance from mathematical contemporaries such as Leopold Kronecker and Henri Poincaré and later from Hermann Weyl and L. E. J. Brouwer, while Ludwig Wittgenstein raised philosophical objections.

Although the term Gulag originally referred to a government agency, the acronym acquired the qualities of a common noun, denoting: the Soviet system of prison-based, unfree labor — including specific labor, punishment, criminal, political, and transit camps for men, women, and children.

Although it was not legally recognized until 1982, the CGT was originally formed in 1970 by the Christian Democrats and received external support from the World Confederation of Labour ( WCL ) and the Latin American Workers Central ( Central Latinoamericana de Trabajadores — CLAT ), a regional organization supported by Christian Democratic parties.

* The Experimenter — originally Practical Electrics, the first issue under this title was November 1924 ; merged into Science and Invention in 1926

* Science and Mechanics — originally Everyday Mechanics ; changed to Everyday Science and Mechanics in 1931.

* 2001 — Joseph Costello ( Douglas Adams was originally scheduled to speak but died two days before the ceremony )

* December 13 / 25 — Repose: Due to an error in record keeping, this was originally thought to be the day of Saint Herman's death, and because of the long-established tradition of celebrating his memory on this day, it has remained a feast day.

The legal status of drug formulations originally sold between 1938 and 1962 — before FDA approval was required — was ambiguous.

Ballpoint pens are often provided free by businesses as a form of advertising — printed with a company's name ; a ballpoint pen is a relatively low cost advertisement that is highly effective ( customers will use, and therefore see, a pen daily ).

The Psalter, which had not been printed out in the 1549, 1552 or 1559 Books — was in 1662 provided in Miles Coverdale's translation from the Great Bible of 1538.

This caused grey cloth ( calico that had not been finished — dyed or printed ) to be imported instead, and these were printed in southern England with the popular patterns.

Even though the text is otherwise inferior to the 1621 edition, Fermat's annotations — including the " Last Theorem "— were printed in this version.

* The New Hacker's Dictionary ( editor ) ( MIT Press, paperback ISBN 0-262-68092-0, cloth ISBN 0-262-18178-9 ) — printed version of the Jargon File with Raymond listed as the editor.

This math implies that if the universe is stuffed with paper printed with 0s, it could contain only 5. 3 zeros — far short of a googol of zeros.

Employee Tim Anderson said of their situation, " It was phenomenal — we had a basement that just printed money.

Incunable, or sometimes incunabulum ( plural incunables or incunabula, respectively ) is a book, pamphlet, or broadside ( such as the Almanach cracoviense ad annum 1474 ) that was printed — not handwritten — before the year 1501 in Europe.

Incunabula include the Gutenberg Bible of 1455, the Peregrinatio in terram sanctam of 1486 — printed and illustrated by Erhard Reuwich — both from Mainz, the Nuremberg Chronicle written by Hartmann Schedel and printed by Anton Koberger in 1493, and the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili printed by Aldus Manutius with important illustrations by an unknown artist.

Michel Maittaire ( 1667 – 1747 ) and Georg Wolfgang Panzer ( 1729 – 1805 ) arranged printed material chronologically in annals format, and in the first half of the nineteenth century, Ludwig Hain published, Repertorium bibliographicum — a checklist of incunabula arranged alphabetically by author: " Hain numbers " are still a reference point.

The remainder of Abbadie's life was spent in writing and preaching, and in the performance — not too sedulous, for he was frequently absent from his benefice — of the ordinary duties of his office, varied by visits to England and to Holland, where most of his books were printed.

Another example of the shift to digital libraries can be seen in Cushing Academy ’ s decision to dispense with its library of printed books — more than 20, 000 volumes in all — and switch over entirely to digital media resources.

In the English-speaking world, the Douay-Rheims Bible — translated from the Latin Vulgate by expatriate recusants in Rheims, France in 1582 ( New Testament ) and in Douai, France in 1609 ( Old Testament )— which was revised by Bishop Richard Challoner in 1749 – 1752 ( the 1750 revision is that which is printed today ), was, until the prompting for " new translations from the original languages " given by Pope Pius XII in the 1942 encyclical letter Divino afflante spiritu and the Second Vatican Council, the translation used by most Catholics ( after Divino afflante spiritu, translations multiplied in the Catholic world, just as they multiplied in the Protestant world around the same time beginning with the Revised Standard Version, with various other translations being used around the world for English-language liturgies, ranging from the New American Bible, the Jerusalem Bible, the Revised Standard Version Second Catholic Edition, and the upcoming English Standard Version Catholic lectionary ).

The faceplate is printed with letters and numbers corresponding to — and visible through — each finger hole.

In a footnote printed in the second edition of Utilitarianism, Mill says, “ the morality of the action depends entirely upon the intention — that is, upon what the agent wills to do .” Elsewhere, he says, “ Intention, and motive, are two very different things.

The word " cipher " in former times meant " zero " and had the same origin: Middle French as < span lang =" fr "> cifre </ span > and Medieval Latin as cifra, from the Arabic صفر ṣifr = zero ( see Zero — Etymology ).

By the 1980s, several independent publishers, such as Pacific, Eclipse, First, Comico, and Fantagraphics had started releasing a wide range of styles and formats — from color superhero, detective, and science fiction comic books to black-and-white magazine-format stories of Latin American magical realism.

The Christians that hold to " salvation by faith alone " ( also called by its Latin name " sola fide ") define faith as being implicitly ontological — mere intellectual assent is not termed " faith " by these groups.

The Cathars were largely a homegrown, Western European / Latin Christian phenomenon, springing up in the Rhineland cities ( particularly Cologne ) in the mid-12th century, northern France around the same time, and particularly southern France — the Languedoc — and the northern Italian cities in the mid-late 12th century.

It developed from the earlier magazine Revue du Cinéma ( Review of the Cinema ) involving members of two Paris film clubs — Objectif 49 ( Objective 49 ) ( Robert Bresson, Jean Cocteau and Alexandre Astruc, among others ) and Ciné-Club du Quartier Latin ( Cinema Club of the Latin Quarter ).

In contrast, Dante decided to write his epic, the Divine Comedy in Italian — a choice that defied the traditional epic choice of Latin dactylic hexameters — and produced a masterpiece beloved both then and now.

Resolution of these scholarly questions remained very difficult so long as no complete version of the Diatessaron in Syriac or Greek had been recovered ; while the medieval translations that had survived — in Arabic and Latin — both relied on texts that had been heavily corrected to conform better with later canonical versions of the separate Gospel texts.

In 1517, he supported the foundation at the University, by his friend Jeroen Van Busleyden, of the Collegium Trilingue for the study of Hebrew, Latin, and Greek — after the model of the College of the Three Languages at the University of Alcalá.

He claimed the land in the name of the Holy Trinity for the English Crown as called Nova Albion — Latin for " New Britain ".

Few academics argue that the text, in its present form, dates back any earlier than the 14th – 16th centuries ; although a minority see it as containing portions of an earlier work, and almost all would detect the influence of earlier sources — over and above the Vulgate text of the Latin Bible.

The name of this category of star cluster is derived from the Latin globulus — a small sphere.

Overall inflation for 1990 had reached 36. 4 percent — not the hyperinflation experienced by some Latin American counties — but still the highest annual rate for Honduras in forty years.

The federation had external ties with the World Federation of Trade Unions ( WFTU ), the Permanent Congress for Latin American Workers Trade Union Unity ( Congreso Permanente de Unidad Sindical de Trabajadores de América Latina — CPUSTAL ), and the Central American Committee of Trade Union Unity ( Comité de Unidad Sindical de Centroamérica — CUSCA ).

The Histories — his masterpiece and the only work he is known to have produced — is a record of his " inquiry " ( or historía, a word that passed into Latin and acquired its modern meaning of " history "), being an investigation of the origins of the Greco-Persian Wars and including a wealth of geographical and ethnographical information.

A later tradition called him Beauclerc for his scholarly interests — he could read Latin and put his learning to effective use — and Lion of Justice for refinements which he brought about in the royal administration, which he rendered the most effective in Europe, rationalizing the itinerant court, and his public espousal of the Anglo-Saxon legal tradition.

At one time, the word, " Engine " ( from Latin, via Old French, ingenium, " ability ") meant any piece of machinery — a sense that persists in expressions such as siege engine.