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⟨ H ⟩, be the group generated by H. Then the word problem in H < sup >*</ sup > is solvable: given two words h, k in the generators H of H < sup >*</ sup >, write them as words in X and compare them using the solution to the word problem in G. It is easy to think that this demonstrates a uniform solution the word problem for the class K ( say ) of finitely generated groups that can be embedded in G. If this were the case the non-existence of a universal solvable word problem group would follow easily from Boone-Rogers.
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⟨ and H
Proof: Suppose G = ⟨ H | R ⟩ is a finitely presented, residually finite group.
⟨ X | R ⟩ of a group H, one can recursively enumerate all homomorphisms h: H → G by first enumerating all mappings h < sup >†</ sup >: X → G. Not all of these mappings extend to homomorphisms, but, since h < sup >†</ sup >( R ), is finite, it is possible to distinguish between homomorphism and non-homomorphisms by using the solution to the word problem in G. " Weeding out " non-homomorphisms gives the required recursive enumeration: h < sub > 1 </ sub >, h < sub > 2 </ sub >, ..., h < sub > n </ sub >, ....
* Chemical nomenclature includes the infixes ⟨ pe ⟩, signifying complete hydrogenation ( from piperidine ), and ⟨ et ⟩ ( from ethyl ), signifying the ethyl radical C < sub > 2 </ sub > H < sub > 5 </ sub >.
This is why the earliest ( up to the 13th century ) shape of Cyrillic ⟨ И ⟩ was ⟨ H ⟩.
⟨ and ⟩,
An example is modern Greek which may write the phoneme in six different ways: ⟨ ι ⟩, ⟨ η ⟩, ⟨ υ ⟩, ⟨ ει ⟩, ⟨ οι ⟩, and ⟨ υι ⟩ ( although the last is rare ).
⟨ and be
Some researchers such as Brengelman ( 1970 ), have suggested that, in addition to this marking of word origin, these spellings indicate a more formal level of style or register in a given text, although Rollins ( 2004 ) finds this point to be exaggerated as there would be many exceptions where a word with one of these spellings, such as ⟨ ph ⟩ for ( like telephone ), could occur in an informal text.
But because the substitution of any of these for any other cannot change the meaning of a word, they are considered to be allographs of the same grapheme, which can be written ⟨ a ⟩.
However in some languages a multigraph may be treated as a single unit for the purposes of collation ; for example, in a Czech dictionary, the section for words that start with ⟨ ch ⟩ comes after that for ⟨ h ⟩.
Some characters, such as ⟨ æ ⟩ in Icelandic and the ⟨ ß ⟩ in German, would probably be regarded as glyphs: they were originally ligatures but over time have become characters in their own right, and these languages treat them as separate letters.
For example, the sound of the English letter ⟨ t ⟩ may be transcribed in IPA with a single letter,, or with a letter plus diacritics,, depending on how precise one wishes to be.
Apart of English, in all Brazilian Portuguese dialects the ⟨ rr ⟩ phoneme, or, may be actually realized as other, traditionally non-rhotic, fricatives ( and most often is so ), unless it occurs single between vowels, being so realized as a dental, alveolar, postalveolar or retroflex flap.
To prove this let ⟨ X | R ⟩ be a recursive presentation for S. Choose a ∈ S such that a ≠ 1 in S.
In English, consonant digraphs tend largely to consist of some letter plus ⟨ h ⟩, or to be double letters.
( To the extent that it can be defined, ⟨ p ⟩ = 0 for all times, despite the apparent acceleration of the front.
The seven tones above would be written ⟨ 33 ⟩, ⟨ 51 ⟩, ⟨ 21 ⟩, ⟨ 35 ⟩, ⟨ 13 ⟩, ⟨ 214 ⟩, ⟨ 341 ⟩, for an Asian language, or ⟨ 33 ⟩, ⟨ 15 ⟩, ⟨ 45 ⟩, ⟨ 31 ⟩, ⟨ 53 ⟩, ⟨ 452 ⟩, ⟨ 325 ⟩, for an African or American language.
⟨ and group
* Given a recursively enumerable set A of positive integers that has insoluble membership problem, ⟨ a, b, c, d | a < sup > n </ sup > ba < sup > n </ sup > = c < sup > n </ sup > dc < sup > n </ sup >: n ∈ A ⟩ is a finitely generated group with a recursively enumerable presentation whose word problem is insoluble
⟨ and by
However, they are distinguished from each other orthographically by the addition of the letter ⟨ h ⟩.
In the pair ban and bane, the ⟨ a ⟩ of ban has the value, whereas the ⟨ a ⟩ of bane is marked by the ⟨ e ⟩ as having the value.
Although the letter ⟨ t ⟩ is pronounced by some speakers with aspiration at the beginning of words, this is never indicated in the spelling, and, indeed, this phonetic detail is probably not noticeable to the average native speaker not trained in phonetics.
" According to some records, the original seventh letter, ⟨ z ⟩, had been purged from the Latin alphabet somewhat earlier in the 3rd century BC by the Roman censor Appius Claudius, who found it distasteful and foreign.
The single-story version derives from the majuscule ( upper-case ) form by raising the serif that distinguishes it from ⟨ c ⟩ to the top of the loop, thus closing the loop, and extending the vertical stroke downward and to the left.
The 1949 Principles of the International Phonetic Association recommends using 10px for advanced voiced velar plosives ( denoted by Latin small letter script G ) and 10px for regular ones where the two are contrasted, but this suggestion was never accepted by phoneticians in general, and today ⟨ 10px ⟩ is the symbol used in the International Phonetic Alphabet, with ⟨ 10px ⟩ acknowledged as an acceptable variant, and is more often used in printed materials.
There are many English words of non-Romance origin where ⟨ g ⟩ is hard though followed by ⟨ e ⟩ or ⟨ i ⟩ ( e. g. get, gift ), and a few in which ⟨ g ⟩ is soft though followed by ⟨ a ⟩ ( margarine ).
Strictly speaking, the letter ⟨ g ⟩ is not present in other scripts, but the sound it represents is present in many world languages, and is represented by many different graphemes.
In phonetics, rhotic consonants, also called tremulants or " R-like " sounds, are liquid consonants that are traditionally represented orthographically by symbols derived from the Greek letter rho, including ⟨ R ⟩, ⟨ r ⟩ from the Latin script and ⟨ Р ⟩, ⟨ p ⟩ from the Cyrillic script.
⟨ and .
For example, the word cat consists of three letters ⟨ c ⟩, ⟨ a ⟩, and ⟨ t ⟩, in which ⟨ c ⟩ represents the sound, ⟨ a ⟩ the sound, and ⟨ t ⟩ the sound.
Thus, in the word ship ( pronounced ), the digraph ⟨ sh ⟩ ( two letters ) represents the sound.
In the word ditch, the three letters ⟨ tch ⟩ represent the sound.
For instance, the digraph ⟨ gh ⟩ represents the sound at the end of some words, such as rough.
At the beginning of syllables ( i. e. the syllable onset ), the digraph ⟨ gh ⟩ is pronounced, as in the word ghost ( pronounced ).
Other examples include ⟨ ph ⟩ pronounced ( which is usually spelt ⟨ f ⟩), and ⟨ ch ⟩ pronounced ( which is usually spelt ⟨ c ⟩ or ⟨ k ⟩) – the use of these spellings for these sounds often mark words that have been borrowed from Greek.
For instance the letter ⟨ e ⟩ in the word cottage indicates that the preceding ⟨ g ⟩ is pronounced, rather than the more common value of ⟨ g ⟩ in word-final position as the sound, such as in tag.
The letter ⟨ e ⟩ also often marks an altered pronunciation of a preceding vowel.
For example, in the word wage the ⟨ e ⟩ marks not only the change of the ⟨ a ⟩ from to, but also of the ⟨ g ⟩ from to.
⟨ and word
The most common example is the letter ⟨ x ⟩ which normally represents the consonant cluster ( for example, in the word ex-wife, pronounced ).
For example, the letter ⟨ i ⟩ in the word cinema has a sound-representing function ( representing the sound ) and a pronunciation-marking function ( marking the ⟨ c ⟩ as having the value opposed to the value ).
One of the most common hieroglyphs, snake, was used in Egyptian writing to stand for a sound like the English ⟨ J ⟩, because the Egyptian word for " snake " was djet.
⟨ and <
For a simple example, take the presentation ⟨ a | a < sup > 3 </ sup >⟩.
He became angry when Russians sometimes pronounced the ⟨ е ⟩ ye of Alekhin as ⟨ ё ⟩ yo,, which he regarded as a Yiddish distortion of his name, and insisted that the correct Russian pronunciation was < span style =" white-space: nowrap ;">" Al-YEH-khin "</ span >.
The word schwa is from the Hebrew word (, ), which designates the Hebrew niqqud vowel sign shva ⟨ < big ></ big > ⟩ that in Modern Hebrew indicates either the phoneme or the complete absence of a vowel.
In Luxembourgish, ⟨ ë ⟩ is used for stressed schwa like in the word < ëmmer > ( always ).
Ef ( Ф ф ; italics: < span style =" font-family: times, Times New Roman, serif ; font-size: larger "> Ф ф </ span >) is a Cyrillic letter, commonly representing the voiceless labiodental fricative, like the pronunciation of ⟨ f ⟩ in " fill ".
It is the sound denoted by the letter ⟨ w ⟩ in the English alphabet ; likewise, the symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is < tt > w </ tt >.
The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ ⟩, a rotated lowercase letter ⟨ y ⟩ ( not to be confused with lowercase lambda, ⟨ λ ⟩), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is < tt > L </ tt >.
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