* 1726 – Francesco Cetti, Italian scientist ( d. 1778 )

* 1697 – Johann Gottlieb Görner, German composer and organist ( d. 1778 )

* 1720 – Konrad Ekhof, German actor ( d. 1778 )

* 1778 – American Revolutionary War: British forces begin besieging the French outpost at Pondicherry.

Andrew Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, to Jacob Johnson ( 1778 – 1812 ) and Mary (" Polly ") McDonough ( 1783 – 1856 ), a seamstress and the daughter of Andrew McDonough.

* 1778 – American Revolutionary War: British and American forces battle indecisively at the Battle of Rhode Island.

* 1778 – Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, Prussian educator and nationalist ( d. 1852 )

Salieri's Italian tour of 1778 – 80 began with the production of Europa riconosciuta ( Europa Recognized ) for La Scala ( which was revived in 2004 for the same opera house's re-opening following extensive renovations ).

Following his conquest of most of Western Europe, the first Napoleon made his elder brother Joseph ( 1768 – 1844 ) king first of Naples ( 1806 – 1808 ) and then of Spain ( 1808 – 1813 ), his third brother Louis ( 1778 – 1846 ) king of Holland ( 1806 – 1810 ) ( subsequently forcing his abdication after his failure to subordinate Dutch interests to those of France ) and his youngest brother Jérôme Bonaparte ( 1784 – 1860 ) king of Westphalia, the short-lived realm created from some of the states of northwestern Germany ( 1807 – 1813 ).

# Louis Bonaparte ( 1778 – 1846 ) married Hortense de Beauharnais, Napoleon's stepdaughter

Carl Linnaeus ( Swedish original name Carl Nilsson Linnæus, 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778 ), also known after his ennoblement as, was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature.

** Charles Darwin ( 1758 – 1778 ) physician and scientist, uncle of Charles Darwin ( 1809 – 1882 )

* 1778 – American Revolutionary War: British and French fleets clash in the Battle of St. Lucia.

* Jacques le fataliste et son maître, novel ( 1771 – 1778 )

* 1778 – John Ordronaux, privateer of the War of 1812 ( d. 1841 )

* 1778 – Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French physicist and chemist ( d. 1850 )

* 1778 – American Revolutionary War: 3, 000 British soldiers under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Archibald Campbell capture Savannah, Georgia.

In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Germany, three pioneer physical educators – Johann Friedrich GutsMuths ( 1759 – 1839 ) and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn ( 1778 – 1852 ) – created exercises for boys and young men on apparatus they had designed that ultimately led to what is considered modern gymnastics.

* John J. Ely ( 1778 – 1852 ), member of the New Jersey General Assembly.

Meade was born in Cádiz, Spain, eighth of eleven children of Richard Worsam Meade ( 1778 – 1828 ) and Margaret Coats Butler ( 1782 – 1852 ).

Hoashi Banri 帆足万里 ( February 11, 1778 – July 30, 1852 ) Miura Baien's pupil who expanded his academic ability into many fields including Confucianism, natural sciences, medicine and language.

* John Hunter ( Westchester County, NY ) ( 1778 – 1852 ), New York politician

* James Kingsley ( 1778 – 1852 )— professor of Hebrew, Greek and Ecclesiastical History at Yale.

* James Grant ( Waterloo ) ( 1778 – 1852 ), British major-general who fought at Waterloo

On July 9, 1806, Broome married Ruth Hunter ( c. 1757 – 1840 ), the widow of auctioneer Robert Hunter and mother of State Senator John Hunter ( 1778 – 1852 ).

Friedrich Ludwig Jahn ( August 11, 1778 – October 15, 1852 ) was a German gymnastics educator and nationalist.

It is named after its discoverer, Baltic German-Russian Antarctic explorer Fabian von Bellingshausen ( 1778 – 1852 ).

* James Mann, 5th Earl Cornwallis ( 1778 – 1852 )

* The work of German Prussian gymnastics educator Friedrich Ludwig Jahn ( August 11, 1778 – October 15, 1852 ), which has also probably influenced the early physical training of the United States Marine Corps

Frank was the youngest of seven children born to James Calvert ( 1778 – 1852 ), of Malta, and Louisa Ann Lander ( 1792 – 1867 ).

In " Mémoire sur la combustion en général " (" On Combustion in General ," 1777 ) and " Considérations générales sur la nature des acides " (" General Considerations on the Nature of Acids ," 1778 ), he demonstrated that the " air " responsible for combustion was also the source of acidity.

Among the most successful of his 37 operas staged during his lifetime were Armida ( 1771 ), La fiera di Venezia ( 1772 ), La scuola de ' gelosi ( 1778 ), Der Rauchfangkehrer ( 1781 ), Les Danaïdes ( 1784 ), which was first presented as a work of Gluck's, La grotta di Trofonio ( 1785 ), Tarare ( 1787 ) ( Tarare was reworked and revised several times as was Les Danaïdes ), Axur, re d ' Ormus ( 1788 ), La cifra ( 1789 ), Palmira, regina di Persia ( 1795 ), Il mondo alla rovescia ( 1795 ), Falstaff ( 1799 ), and Cesare in Farmacusa ( 1800 ).

* 1778 – Fernando Sor ( baptized ), Spanish composer ( d. 1839 )

Clara Reeve, best known for her work The Old English Baron ( 1778 ), set out to take Walpole's plot and adapt it to the demands of the time by balancing fantastic elements with 18th-century realism.

He also accompanied Cook's third voyage ( 1776 – 1778 ), this time aboard Resolutions sister ship, and the first European sighting and exploration of the Hawaiian Islands.

In 15 – 16th-century French and English depictions of relationships between women ( Lives of Gallant Ladies by Brantôme in 1665, John Cleland's 1749 erotica Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure, L ' Espion Anglais by various authors in 1778 ), writers ' attitudes spanned from amused tolerance to arousal, whereupon a male character would participate to complete the act.

The word naturism was used for the first time in 1778 by a French-speaking Belgian, Jean Baptiste Luc Planchon ( 1734 – 1781 ), and was advocated as a means of improving the ' l ’ hygiène de vie ' ( natural style of life ) and health.

Originating about 1650 to 1700, it was sparked by philosophers Baruch Spinoza ( 1632 – 1677 ), John Locke ( 1632 – 1704 ), Pierre Bayle ( 1647 – 1706 ), physicist Isaac Newton ( 1643 – 1727 ), and philosopher Voltaire ( 1694 – 1778 ).

In the Battle of Ushant with the French in 1778, Lord Keppel commanded the Channel Fleet and the outcome resulted in no clear winner ; Keppel ordered to renew the attack and this was obeyed except by Sir Hugh Palliser, who commanded the rear, and the French escaped bombardment.

The first who distinguished limestone from dolomite was Belsazar Hacquet in 1778.

* Carl von Linné ( Carl Linnaeus ) ( 1707 – 1778 ) Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature.

William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham PC ( 15 November 1708 – 11 May 1778 ), called William Pitt the Elder by historians, was a British Whig statesman who led Britain during the Seven Years ' War ( known as the French and Indian War in the United States ).

The first non-native to re-settle in the area may have been a trader named Guillory, who might have had a trading-post near Wolf Point on the Chicago River in around 1778.

The press organized petitions and debates and reported to the public on government policy, while leaders such as Henry Brougham ( 1778 – 1868 ) built alliances with men who lacked direct representation.

Vancouver Island came to the attention of Britain after the third voyage of Captain James Cook, who spent a month during 1778 at Nootka Sound, on the island's western coast.

On 5 May 1778, Dr. Lassonne, Marie Antoinette's private physician, confirmed her pregnancy .< ref > Castelot, André, Madame Royale, Librairie Académique Perrin, Paris, 1962, p. 15, ISBN, ( French ).</ ref > On 19 December 1778, the Queen gave birth to a daughter, who was named Marie-Thérèse Charlotte de France, and given the honorific title Madame Royale.

Boone was captured by Shawnee warriors in 1778, who after a while adopted him into their tribe.

( Note that he was not the first King of Holland ; that was Louis Bonaparte ( 1778 – 1846 ), who had reigned from 1806 to 1810.

Incorporated in 1778, the town's name was changed to Brookfield in honor of Brooks, who was still the minister.

" When James Cook encountered what he named the Sandwich Islands ( now the Hawaiian Islands ) in 1778, he found them inhabited by Native Hawaiians who Anglo-Americans referred to as " Owyhees.

In 1778, Lieutenant James Cook named the island after the family name of the Duke of Grafton, who was the British Prime Minister when his ship, the HMB Endeavour, had set sail.

Moore, who had been a member of a George Rogers Clark 1778 Illinois campaign, ( he shared this distinction with several other of the early settlers ) established himself at the site of the spring, this tract remained in possession of the Moore family for over a century, until at least the 20th century.

Among those soldiers was their regimental surgeon, Dr. Anthony Emery, a friend of Samuel Phillips, Jr., who in 1778 founded the Phillips Andover Academy in Andover, Massachusetts.

A grant of land on which Monaca now stands was granted by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania by patent, bearing the date September 5, 1787, to Colonel Ephraim Blaine ( 1741 – 1804 ), who served in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, from 1778 to 1782 as commissary-general of the Northern Department, and paternal great-grandfather of James G. Blaine.

Dwight had eight sons: Timothy Dwight ( 1778 – 1844 ), a New Haven merchant and philanthropist ; Benjamin Woolsey Dwight ( 1780 – 1850 ), a New York physician ; educator and theologian ; twins James Dwight ( 1784 – 1863 ) and John Dwight ( 1784 – 1803 ); Sereno Edwards Dwight ( 1786 – 1850 ); clergyman William Theodore Dwight ( 1795 – 1865 ); Henry Edwin Dwight ( 1797 – 1832 ); and one who died young.

The two were married by Mordecai Lincoln ( 1778 – 1851 ), who was Greene County's Justice of the Peace.

Martinsburg was founded in 1778 by General Adam Stephen who named it in honor of Colonel Thomas Bryan Martin, a nephew of Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron.

The city is named for General George Rogers Clark, who gained fame on the frontier by his many expeditions against the British and Indians in the Indian Wars and the war of the American Revolution, particularly by his capture of Fort of Vincennes, now in the State of Indiana, in 1778.

In 1778, he commanded the troops collected to oppose Frederick, who supported the rival claimant to Bavaria.

His main goal was to acquire Bavaria, if necessary in exchange for Belgium ( the Austrian Netherlands ), but in 1778 and again in 1785 he was thwarted by King Frederick II of Prussia, who had a much stronger army.