Several New England realtors were invited to participate in a small colloquium of property lawyers, political scientists, economists, social psychologists, social ethicists and theologians.

In Europe, academic belief in mercantilism began to fade in the late 18th century, especially in England, in light of the arguments of Adam Smith and the classical economists.

Most economists also agree that there was a brief recovery from 1838 to 1839, which then ended as the Bank of England and Dutch creditors raised interest rates.

A number of Marxian economists have argued that the Enclosure Acts in England, and similar legislation elsewhere, were an integral part of capitalist primitive accumulation and that specific legal frameworks of private land ownership have been integral to the development of capitalism.

The name arises because of the location of the principals involved in the controversy: the debate was largely between economists such as Joan Robinson and Piero Sraffa at the University of Cambridge in England and economists such as Paul Samuelson and Robert Solow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

The effect of circumstances on manorial economy is complex and at times contradictory: upland conditions tended to preserve peasant freedoms ( livestock husbandry in particular being less labour-intensive and therefore less demanding of villein services ); on the other hand, some upland areas of Europe showed some of the most oppressive manorial conditions, while lowland eastern England is credited with an exceptionally large free peasantry, in part a legacy of Scandinavian settlement.

Unlike Old English, which tended largely to adopt Late West Saxon scribal conventions in the period immediately before the Norman conquest of England, written Middle English displays a wide variety of scribal ( and presumably dialectal ) forms.

Printing began in England in the 1470s, which tended to stabilise the language.

From the British Museum's reconstruction of the skull, Woodward proposed that Piltdown man represented an evolutionary missing link between apes and humans, since the combination of a human-like cranium with an ape-like jaw tended to support the notion then prevailing in England that human evolution began with the brain.

The abbeys of England, Wales and Ireland had been among the greatest landowners and the largest institutions in the kingdoms ; although, by the early 16th century, religious donors increasingly tended to favour parish churches, collegiate churches, university colleges and grammar schools, and these were now the predominant centres for learning and the arts.

The churches of New England, with roots in Puritan Calvinism, tended to begin to reject their Calvinist roots, accepting Wesley's expression of Arminianism, or overthrowing their historical doctrine entirely to depart into Socinianism or liberal theology.

( In contrast, industrial cities in England tended to favour " back-to-back " terraces of brick.

Because of poor north-south transport links within Wales, it has always been easier for Welsh clubs to travel east-west so Welsh clubs tended to look east to England for competitors and many of the top semi-professional sides in Wales played in the English football league system ; Bangor City were founder members of the Football Conference ( then the Alliance Premier League ) in 1979 and reached the FA Trophy final in 1984, before transferring to the new League of Wales in 1992.

Mugwumps tended to come from old Protestant families of New York and New England, and often from inherited wealth.

Unfortunately, his time at Juventus was less than successful, as he scored only eight times in 29 games ; though this partly explained by the Italian tradition at this time of tighter defences meaning that strikers tended to score fewer goals in Italy than they did in England.

While Respect included opposition to discrimination based on gender and sexual orientation in its founding declaration, critics claim Galloway has tended to avoid Commons votes involving equal rights for gay people-although he did vote to lower the age of consent for gay people in England and Wales to sixteen in 2000, earning him an invitation to open a new Lesbian and Gay centre in Glasgow.

William Kent designed Holkham Hall in 1734 in the Palladian manner ; Thomas Archer was also a contemporary, although his work tended toward the baroque style that had been popular in England prior to the Palladian revival.

The number of seats in each redistribution also tended to rise ( although Northern Ireland was under represented between 1922 and 1983 as for most of that time it had a devolved government and from the 2005 redistribution Scotland used the same quota of average number of electors per constituency as England as it now has devolved institutions ).

The offices continued to develop in France and England, but in Jerusalem they tended to develop more slowly or not at all, taking on different roles than their European counterparts.

Thus, many Jews supported the American Revolution of 1776, the French Revolution of 1789, and the European Revolutions of 1848 ; while Jews in England tended to vote for the Liberal Party, which had led the parliamentary struggle for Jewish Emancipation — an arrangement called by some scholars “ the liberal Jewish compromise ”.

Monarchs tended to prefer the model of the Church of England, where the Crown had the power to appoint bishops, and various other forms of power over the Church ( although it was not reduced to the complete state control found in Scandinavia ).

Naval painting became conventionalized in 17th century Dutch Golden Age painting, and from then on artists tended to specialize in it or not attempt it ; apart from anything else " Marine artists have always dealt with a particularly demanding class of patron ", as JMW Turner found when the " Sailor King " William IV of England rejected his version of The Battle of Trafalgar because of inaccuracy.

There are also gardens to supply cut flowers, herbs, and an orchard with apple, plum, and quince trees ; a rock garden tended by the Heather Society of Victoria ; iris, lily, rhododendron, and rose gardens ( including a formal Victorian rose garden based on the plan of that at Warwick Castle in England ); and water features such as the fountain pond and the duck pond.

Classical architecture in England tended to be relatively plain and simple in comparison with the contemporaneous Baroque architecture of the continent, being influenced above all by the Palladian style of Italy.

Later in his Test career, Emburey tended to be picked for single Tests in England, as happened in 1993 against Australia and 1995 against the West Indies.

During the 19th century England played in all the Tests, which were mostly against Australia, though a few were against what tended to be a very weak South African XI.

During the 17th century, local schools of keyboard, plucked-instrument, and ensemble styles arose in France, England, and Italy, while the Germans tended to take stylistic elements from various sources.

Giffen took 81 wickets in England at an average of 19. 60, however he " tended to be expensive ".

He argued that since the land in England was farmed by capitalist farmers, this posed obstacles to rational agriculture, since the farmer tended to avoid all improvements, the full return for which would not be received for the duration of the lease.

Recently, in England, there have been plans to raise the age limit for purchasing knives, including utility knives, from 16 to 18, in an effort to reduce knife crimes.

* Eastern Electricity, a defunct supply and distribution utility in England

The Reliant Fox is a small four wheeled glass fibre utility vehicle manufactured by the Reliant Motor Company in Tamworth, England between 1983 and 1990.

The Magpie Youth Centre freerunning club in Glen Parva, Leicester, England has raised 40, 000 Euros to build a freerunning park / training utility on the park opposite the youth center.

" He discards the idea that they were used as missile weapons as there were more efficient weapons at the time, such as javelins, and although he accepts that some handaxes may have been used for practical reasons, he agrees with Kohn and Mithen who have shown that many handaxes show a considerable degree of skill, design and symmetry beyond the demands for utility, some were too big ( such as the handaxe found in Furze Platt, England which is over a foot long ) or too small ( less than two inches, therefore of little practical use ), they feature symmetry far beyond practical use and show evidence for excessive attention to form and finish.

The extent of the club's ambition became evident in the following season in finishing 3rd, scoring 1, 209 points in thirty games, with the former England ‘ A ’ outside-half Gerry Ainscough scoring 307 points, and the ex-Scotland ' A ' utility back Mark Appleson scoring sixteen tries.

The largest retail water and wastewater utility in New England, BWSC owns and operates the drinking water distribution, wastewater collection and stormwater drainage systems ; which utilise of water main and of sewer pipe and storm drain.

A utility back, Catt played for England at fullback, fly-half, inside centre and even wing, and was part of the England side that won the 2003 Rugby World Cup.

Realizing the utility of the CMBs, Cowan ordered more to be sent out from England to add to his fleet.

In England, many were destroyed after the end of the Second English Civil War in 1649, when Parliament took steps to prevent another royalist uprising by slighting, or damaging, castles so as to prevent them from having any further military utility.

Ann and her sister were raised " in the classic New England tradition: a study in efficiency, thrift, and utility (…) They were filled with ambitions that they might not have entertained had they lived in a city along with thousands of poor blacks stuck in demeaning jobs.

A utility player who played in the all-conquering Liverpool team of the 1980s, he was most recently coach of New England Revolution, and was the longest-tenured head coach in MLS to coach a single club.

Currently, in the National Football League, Bill Belichick of the New England Patriots uses the utility player frequently.

Paul Madeley ( born 20 September 1944 in Leeds, England ) was a footballer during Leeds United's glory era of the 1960s and 1970s and the last high-profile ' utility ' player.

The plant was originally owned by more than 10 separate utility companies serving five New England states.