It also makes a fine introduction to the international art form with good examples of Italian and English madrigals plus several French `` chansons ''.

On leaving school his theatrical career started immediately, with an introduction to Sir Donald Wolfit by his French master.

The revolutionary period saw the introduction of policies favouring French over the regional languages, pejoratively referred to as patois.

The reaction to Napoleon's conquests of German countries during the era of the French Revolution ( 1790s to 1815 ), produced important institutional reforms, including the abolition of feudal restrictions on the sale of large landed estates, the reduction of the power of the guilds in the cities, and the introduction of a new, more efficient commercial law.

Although the use of the term infantry in English dates from the 15th century ( from French Infanterie, itself from the Italian Infanteria ), the foot troops of the previous eras in history who fought with a variety of weapons before the introduction of the firearms are also referred to as infantry.

The first of these was printed as De l ' Histoire de la poésie ( 1830 ), and was practically the first introduction of the French public to the Scandinavian and German epics.

Apologie pour l ' histoire ou Métier d ' historien ( 1949 ), translated as The Historian's Craft ( 1953 ) excerpt of 1992 introduction by Peter Burke, and text search ; Original French text

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

In French, the best introduction may be André Gounelle, Le Dynamisme Créateur de Dieu: Essai sur la Théologie du Process, édition revue, modifiée et augmentee ( Paris: Van Dieren, 2000, ISBN 2-911087-26-7 ).

* On the Sacred Art ( French introduction and Greek text )

Many of the revolts were the result of French policy of maltreating the local population as with the introduction of forced labor.

He also wrote an introduction to an edition of Frederick Rolfe ( Baron Corvo ) ’ s translation into English of Nicolas ’ s French translation.

The modern standard edition is F. Paschoud Zosime: Histoire Nouvelle ( Paris 1971 ) which has a French translation, introduction and commentary.

The word derives from the French word linge, " washables "— as in faire le linge, " do the laundry "— and ultimately from lin for washable linen, the fabric from which European undergarments were made before the general introduction of cotton from Egypt and then from India.

On the introduction of the French Empire, Bernadotte became one of the Marshals of the Empire and, from June 1804 to September 1805, served as governor of Hanover.

Overture ( French ouverture ; German Ouvertüre, Vorspiel ; Italian overtura ; i. e. opening ) in music is the term originally applied to the instrumental introduction to an opera.

This French overture consists of a slow introduction in a marked " dotted rhythm " ( i. e., exaggerated iambic, if the first chord is disregarded ), followed by a lively movement in fugato style.

Latin text with introduction and notes in French.

The first commercial introduction of 70 mm single projector 3D was the 1967 release of Con la muerte a la espalda, a Spanish / French / Italian co-production which used a process called Hi-Fi Stereo 70.

A French translation, which Orwell admired, by RN Raimbault and Gwen Gilbert, entitled, was published by Éditions Gallimard, on 2 May 1935, with a preface by Panait Istrati and an introduction by Orwell.

He helped T. S. Eliot in a practical way, by persuading Harriet Shaw Weaver to appoint Eliot as his successor at The Egoist ( helped by Pound ), and later in 1919 with an introduction to the editor Bruce Richmond of the Times Literary Supplement, for which he reviewed French literature.

According to another theory, it is believed that the pointed arch evolved naturally in Western Europe as a structural solution to a purely technical problem, concurrent with its introduction and early use as a stylistic feature in French and English churches.

* 1854 – André-Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri credited with introduction of the carte de visite ( French " visiting card ").

Oersted remodeled Ritter's notes into an essay in French which was submitted to the Institut De France for its annual prize of 3,000 francs.

Gershwin collaborated on the original program notes with the critic and composer Deems Taylor, noting that: " My purpose here is to portray the impression of an American visitor in Paris as he strolls about the city and listens to various street noises and absorbs the French atmosphere.

The work was then translated into French, with valuable notes, by Silvestre de Sacy in 1810.

The translation, as literary critics claim, was not based on Cervantes ' text but mostly upon a French work by Filleau de Saint-Martin and upon notes which Thomas Shelton had written previously.

French film historian John Raeburn, editor of Cahiers du cinéma, notes that that Capra's films were unknown in France, but there too his films underwent a fresh discovery by the public.

The modern sophisticated instrument spanning 6½ octaves in virtually all keys was perfected by the 19th-century French maker Sébastien Érard and because of its pedal-driven ability to play all sharps and flats of all notes within its range, it continues today as the standard style of most large professional concert harps.

From 1853 they published a series of four volumes containing the Arabic text, extensive notes and a translation into French.

Introduction, latin text, French translation & notes.

Victor Hugo published an unrhymed French version by Ernest Fouinet of this poem in the notes to Les Orientales ( 1829 ) and subsequent French poets began to make their own attempts at composing original " pantoums ".

After the surrender, a dispute arose over the fate of French archaeological and scientific discoveries in Egypt, including a group of artefacts, biological specimens, notes, plans and drawings collected by the members of the commission.

Christophe Geiger notes that it is " a difficult, almost impossible task " to analyse the relationship between the Statute of Anne and early French copyright law, both because it is difficult to make a direct connection, and because the ongoing debate over both has led to radically different interpretations of each nation's law.

A recent biography of Vera Atkins, the intelligence officer for the French section of SOE, notes that that there was a great deal of confusion about what happened to Szabo-the story was revised four times-and states that the Sten gun incident " was probably a fabrication ".

Fuhring notes that grotesques were " confusingly called arabesques in eighteenth century France ", but in his terminology " the major types of ornament that appear in French sixteenth century etchings and engraving ... can be divided into two groups.

Washington's map of the Ohio River and surrounding region containing notes on French intentions, 1753 or 1754.

The Chorus appears again, seeking support for the English navy: " Grapple your minds to sternage of this navy " he says, and notes that " the ambassador from the French comes back / Tells Harry that the king doth offer him / Katherine his daughter.

French officers used the balloon to observe the movements of the Austrian Army, dropping notes to the ground for collection by the French Army, and also signalled messages using semaphore.

A clef ( French: clef ; “ key ”) is a musical symbol used to indicate the pitch of written notes.

He notes, however, that the categories were somewhat contrived and overlapping, and other cultures often had more kinds, including the French, with twenty and the Germans with thirty.

Nyrop notes the poetical stories of the " redeeming power of the kiss are to be found in the literature of many countries, especially, for example, in the Old French Arthurian romances ( Lancelot, Guiglain, Tirant le blanc ) in which the princess is changed by evil arts into a dreadful dragon, and can only resume her human shape in the case of a knight being brave enough to kiss her.

Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, the leader of the French Annales School, notes the king was handsome, athletic, intelligent and an excellent hunter, but that he disappointed the people.

Ayton estimates that at least 2, 000 French men-at-arms were killed, and notes that over 2, 200 heraldic coats were taken from the field of battles as war booty by the English.