Thorium was removed by taking advantage of its weaker basicity relative to the trivalent lanthanides, the radioactive radium isotope daughter products of thorium were precipitated out using entrainment in barium sulfate, and the remaining lanthanides were converted to the chloride.

Søren Peder Lauritz Sørensen ( 9 January 1868 – 12 February 1939 ) was a Danish chemist, famous for the introduction of the concept of pH, a scale for measuring acidity and basicity.

The technique is generally combined with others that further separate molecules by other characteristics, such as acidity, basicity, charge, and affinity for certain compounds.

The equilibirium constant of this reaction is dependent on R, X, a factor for basicity, and the amine's steric hindrance.

This lone pair is responsible for the basicity of these nitrogenous bases, similar to the nitrogen atom in amines.

Specifically, L is the gas-liquid partition constant on hexadecane at 298 K ; E the excess molar refraction ; S the ability of a solute to stabilize a neighboring dipole by virtue of its capacity for orientation and induction interactions ; A the solute ’ s effective hydrogen bond acidity ; and B the solute ’ s effective hydrogen-bond basicity.

In a polar aprotic solvent, nucleophilicity increases up a column of the periodic table as there is no hydrogen bonding between the solvent and nucleophile ; in this case nucleophilicity mirrors basicity.

Proton-sponge has several very interesting properties ; one is its very high basicity ; another is its spectroscopic properties.

This will reduce the basicity ; however, the alkalinity will remain unchanged ( see example below ).

A pH indicator ( or pH paper ) is a halochromic chemical compound that is added in small amounts to a solution so that the pH ( acidity or basicity ) of the solution can be determined visually.

One of the ligands phenyl-groups can be replaced by propene, and the resulting diphenylpropylphosphine ligand can inhibit the hydroformylation reaction due to its increased basicity.

The basicity of His-48 is thought to be enhanced through hydrogen bonding with Asp-99.

Pure water is neutral with respect to acidity or basicity because the concentration of hydroxide ions is always equal to the concentration of hydronium ions.

Metal acyls are often described by two resonance structures, one of which emphasizes the basicity of the oxygen center.

The soil pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity in soils.

* pH — The acidity or basicity of the blood.

The basicity of sodium ethoxide is such that it cannot fully deprotonate either of the ketones, but can produce small amounts of the sodium enolate of both ketones.

As alkyl groups are weakly electron donating, the basicity of the organolithium compound increases with the number of alkyl substituents on the charge-bearing carbon atom.

The high basicity is attributed to the relief of strain upon protonation and / or the strong interaction between the nitrogen lone pairs.

Second generation proton sponges are known with even higher basicity.

Nonetheless, the amount of Lewis acid can widely vary, as it largely depends on the relative basicity of the enophile and the ene adduct.

A Universal indicator is a pH indicator composed of a solution of several compounds that exhibits several smooth colour changes over a pH value range from 1-14 to indicate the acidity or basicity of solutions.

Alkalinity is sometimes incorrectly used interchangeably with basicity.

The halogen decreases the basicity of the carbonyl oxygen, thus making protonation less likely.

When < sup >–</ sup > CN is a ligand in a transition metal complex, its basicity makes it difficult to dislodge, so, in this respect, hydrocyanation is remarkable.

Some reagents are of high basicity ( pK < sub > a </ sub > of conjugate acid around 17 ) but of modest but not negligible nucleophilicity.

His casual, dreamlike working methods, often as not in absentia, were an abrupt change from Harburg's, so that Arlen had to adjust again to another approach to collaboration.

But one cannot escape the suspicion that all this non-stop harping on the misdeeds of the long liquidated `` anti-party '' group would be totally unnecessary if there were not, inside the party, some secret but genuine opposition to Khrushchev on vital doctrinal grounds, on the actual methods to be employed in the `` transition to communism '' and, last but not least, on foreign policy.

Anti-A and anti-B activities were determined in fractions from the sera of group A, group B or group O donors by the following tube agglutination methods.

All samples were tested by both the saline and albumin methods.

In attempting to improve specificity of staining, the fluorescein-labeled antisera used in both direct and indirect methods were treated in one of several ways: ( 1 ) They were passed through Dowex-2-chloride twice and treated with acetone insoluble powders ( Coons, 1958 ) prepared from mouse liver or from healthy sweet clover stems or crown gall tissue produced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens ( E. F. Smith & Townsend ) on sweet clover stems.

Results of specific staining by the direct and the indirect methods were similar and showed the localization of WTV antigen in certain tissues of tumors.

There were two methods that could have been used for conducting the study within the resources available: ( 1 ) interviews in depth with a few selected companies, and ( 2 ) the more limited interrogation of a large number of companies by means of a mail questionnaire.

-- Electron-microscopical and physical-chemical methods were used to demonstrate the renaturation of heat-denatured collagen and ribonucleic acid.

Satisfactory methods for polyester foams and even prepolymer polyether foams were never fully achieved.

There were two possible methods of breaching the conservative barriers around the Rules Committee: 1 ) to pack it with additional liberals and break the conservative-liberal deadlock, or 2 ) to remove one of the conservatives -- namely Mississippi's 14-term William Meyers Colmer ( pronounced Calmer ).

Academic historical research supports that the alchemists were searching for a material substance using physical methods.

experimental methods used in the study of the personal equation were

AT promotes greater independence by enabling people to perform tasks that they were formerly unable to accomplish, or had great difficulty accomplishing, by providing enhancements to, or changing methods of interacting with, the technology needed to accomplish such tasks.

The intellectual society of this era was characterized by itinerant scholars, who were often employed by various state rulers as advisers on the methods of government, war, and diplomacy.

Some of the earliest attempts to apply scientific methods to the study of phenomena relating to an afterlife were conducted by this organization.

His innovative methods, however, were controversial, and he rarely stayed in one place very long.

She called him, " an intelligent, philosophic, modest man " and found his views on education " very attractive ". Locals in Cheshire were less supportive and became suspicious of his methods.

As usual, Alcott's methods were controversial ; a former student later referred to him as " the most eccentric man who ever took on himself to train and form the youthful mind.

Alcott's methods were not well received ; many found his conversations on the Gospels close to blasphemous.

The two men were leaders of Alcott House, an experimental school based on Alcott's methods from the Temple School located about ten miles outside of London.

Tacitus claims that Nero considered poisoning or stabbing her, but felt these methods were too difficult and suspicious, so he settled on building a self-sinking boat.

The 1910 Catholic Encyclopedia remarks that " Undeniably secular and ambitious, his moral life was not above reproach, and his unscrupulous methods in no wise accorded with the requirements of his high office ... the heinous crimes of which his opponents in the council accused him were certainly gravely exaggerated.

After World War II predicted methods were invariably applied but the fall of shot usually needed adjustment because of inaccuracy in locating the target, the proximity of friendly troops or the need to engage a moving target.

When debates polarise between techniques, the methods are often referred to by a colour code, based on the colours of the bindings of the two volumes from the first Oxford Conference, where the approaches were first distinguished.