In telecommunication, the term reproduction speed has the following meanings:

( The reproduction speed is usually expressed in pages per minute.

The calibration of the recording and playback circuitry is therefore critical for faithful reproduction of the original program content, and this is easily offset by poor quality tape, dirty recording / playback heads, or using inappropriate bias levels / frequency for the tape formulation, as well as tape speed, when recording or duplicating.

The process that produces such a response — often with lightning speed — is a modest reproduction of the pilpul process.

Also, LBCAST increases image processing speed and improves sensitivity, contrast and color reproduction.

Reasons for preferring vegetative rather than sexual means of reproduction vary, but commonly include greater ease and speed of propagation of certain plants, such as many perennial root crops and vines.

playing back such recordings at a constant rate of speed can make speech much more difficult to understand and has obvious dire effects on the reproduction of music.

They set that as the sound speed at which a satisfactory reproduction and amplification of sound could be conducted.

As director of the Genographic Project he said this about the possibility of two human species living today together: " We don't know how long it takes for hominids to fission off into separate species, but clearly they were separated for a very long time " This question may be estimated by comparing other species with similar speed of reproduction.

They differ from the cryptobranchids by having the prearticular bones in their lower jaw fused and reproduction is by internal fertilisation.

This is the only form of sexual reproduction that occurs within the group, though it is really more genetic reorganization than reproduction.

Math., 1858 ) and Ernst Abbe showed that the properties of these reproductions, i. e. the relative position and magnitude of the images, are not special properties of optical systems, but necessary consequences of the supposition ( in Abbe ) of the reproduction of all points of a space in image points ( Maxwell assumes a less general hypothesis ), and are independent of the manner in which the reproduction is effected.

The largest opening of the pencils, which take part in the reproduction of O, i. e. the angle u, is generally determined by the margin of one of the lenses or by a hole in a thin plate placed between, before, or behind the lenses of the system.

This aberration is quite distinct from that of the sharpness of reproduction ; in unsharp, reproduction, the question of distortion arises if only parts of the object can be recognized in the figure.

This combined condition is exactly fulfilled by holosymmetrical objectives reproducing with the scale 1, and by hemisymmetrical, if the scale of reproduction be equal to the ratio of the sizes of the two components.

Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single parent, and inherit the genes of that parent only ; it is reproduction which does not involve meiosis, ploidy reduction, or fertilization.

A more stringent definition is agamogenesis which is reproduction without the fusion of gametes.

Asexual reproduction is the primary form of reproduction for single-celled organisms such as the archaea, bacteria, and protists.

A complete lack of sexual reproduction is relatively rare among multicellular organisms, particularly animals.

Current hypotheses suggest that asexual reproduction may have short term benefits when rapid population growth is important or in stable environments, while sexual reproduction offers a net advantage by allowing more rapid generation of genetic diversity, allowing adaptation to changing environments.

Phenotypic plasticity within taxa makes species-level identification difficult, and is further compounded by variation in the mode of reproduction.

Vegetative reproduction usually takes place by fragmentation or by formation of spores.

They are usually haploid, and reproduce primarily through fission, but sexual reproduction also occurs.

Domestic animals are usually castrated to avoid unwanted or uncontrolled reproduction ; to reduce or prevent other manifestations of sexual behaviour such as territorial behaviour or aggression ( e. g. fighting between groups of entire ( uncastrated ) males of a species ); or to reduce other consequences of sexual behaviour that may make animal husbandry more difficult, such as boundary / fence / enclosure destruction when attempting to get to nearby females of the species.

An audiophile is a person with a strong interest in high-quality sound ( usually music ) reproduction.

Audiophile values may be applied at all stages of music reproduction: the initial audio recording, the production process, and the playback, which is usually in a home setting.

A chimera or chimaera is a single organism ( usually an animal ) that is composed of two or more different populations of genetically distinct cells that originated from different zygotes involved in sexual reproduction.

The additive reproduction process usually uses red, green and blue light to produce the other colors.

These types of tweeters are not capable of high output, nor of other than very high frequency reproduction, and so are usually used at the throat of a horn structure to manage usable output levels.

They have fast reproduction cycles, usually in one year from seed to seed, though some species can have more than one generation in one season.

Copy protection, also known as content protection, copy obstruction, copy prevention and copy restriction, is any effort designed to prevent the reproduction of software, films, music, and other media, usually for copyright reasons.

The room is usually furnished with a table surrounded by 20 reproduction Adam style chairs originally made for the British Embassy in Rio de Janeiro.

Limited supply of at least one resource ( such as food, water, and territory ) used by both usually facilitates this type of interaction, although the competition may also exist over other ' amenities ', such as females for reproduction ( in case of male organisms of the same species ).

When applied to specific electronic devices, such as loudspeakers, microphones, amplifiers or headphones sound quality usually refers to accuracy, with higher quality devices providing higher accuracy reproduction.

Man-made methods of vegetative reproduction are usually enhancements of natural processes, but they range from rooting cuttings to grafting and artificial propagation by laboratory tissue culture.

Creating colors by mixing together colored lights ( usually red, green and blue ) in various proportions is the additive method of color reproduction.

While it is not clear that this is legally or ethically necessary -- the Fair Use doctrine technically permits reproduction for the purpose of parody -- such permission is usually sought out of courtesy.

Females may also adopt a more peaceful alternative reproduction strategy by joining the nest of a close relative ( usually a sister ) and working as assisting females ( see above ).

Fertilization and embryonic development occur internally ; this ovoviviparous or live-bearing mode of reproduction results in a small litter ( usually two to four ) of large well-developed pups, up to 150 cm at birth in thintail threshers.

In the first half of the 20th century, several such programs were instituted in countries around the world, usually as part of eugenics programs intended to prevent the reproduction and multiplication of members of the population considered to be carriers of defective genetic traits.

Breeding is the reproduction, that is, producing of offspring, usually animals or plants:

Specimens larger than 3 cm usually possess gonads for sexual reproduction, which run most of the length of the radial canals and are visible in the photos in this article as whitish thickenings along the radial canals.

Rapists usually do not use more force than necessary to subdue their victims which is argued to be the case since physically injuring the victims would reduce the chance of reproduction.

The titan triggerfish is usually wary of divers and snorkelers, but during the reproduction season the female guards its nest, which is placed in a flat sandy area, vigorously against any intruders.