* 1757 – Thomas Telford, Scottish civil engineer ( d. 1834 )

* 1805 – Joseph Locke, English railway and civil engineer ( d. 1860 )

* 1724 – Abraham Yates, Jr., American lawyer and civil servant ( d. 1796 )

* 1920 – Gerald Bouey, Canadian civil servant, Governor of the Bank of Canada ( d. 2004 )

Since the 2002 civil war in Côte d ' Ivoire, relations between it and Burkina Faso have been filled with accusations of Burkinabé support for rebels on one side and claims of mistreatment of Burkinabé workers on the other .< ref > Blaise Campaoré :<< La crise ivoirienne inquiète le Burkina >>, Le Figaro, December 11, 2005 </ ref > Côte d ' Ivoire remains Burkina Faso's largest regional trading partner in spite of their disputes and tens of thousands of Burkinabés continue to work in the Ivory Coast.

Under § 1332 ( d ) ( 2 ) the federal district courts have original jurisdiction over any civil action where the amount in controversy exceeds $ 5, 000, 000 and

* 1903 – Ella Baker, American civil rights activist ( d. 1986 )

* 1919 – Árpád Bogsch, Hungarian turned American international civil servant ( d. 2004 )

Du Bois, American civil rights leader ( d. 1963 )

* 1831 – John Aaron Rawlins, American soldier, civil servant, and 29th United States Secretary of War ( d. 1869 )

Following the October 2001 American invasion and the Bonn Agreement the new government under the leadership of Hamid Karzai started to re-establish diplomatic relationships with many countries who had held close diplomatic relations before the communist coup d ' état and the subsequent civil war.

* 1928 – Aloyisus Leon Higginbotham, Jr, American civil rights activist ( d. 1998 )

* 1910 – Robert Fletcher Shaw, Canadian businessman, academic and civil servant ( d. 2001 )

The killing of a school teacher by a Guatemalan Army soldier culminated the civil unrest that precipitated the coup d ’ état ; the moral outrage of the Guatemalan national populace was manifested with a general strike that halted the national economy and stilled the country.

Nonetheless, despite the change in Guatemalan military government, further civil unrest prompted two officers, Captain Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán and Major Francisco Javier Arana, to lead a final coup d ’ état and depose the dictatorship of the generals.

The main provisions of the Edict of Nantes were as follows: a ) Huguenots were allowed to hold religious services in certain towns in each province, b ) They were allowed to control and fortify eight cities ( including La Rochelle and Montauban ), c ) Special courts were established to try Huguenot offenders, d ) Huguenots were to have equal civil rights with the Catholics.

* 1929 – Martin Luther King, Jr., American civil rights leader, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize ( d. 1968 )

* 1871 – James Weldon Johnson, American author, politician, diplomat, critic, journalist, poet, anthologist, educator, lawyer, songwriter, and early civil rights activist ( d. 1938 )

* 1919 – Fred Korematsu, Japanese-American civil rights activist ( d. 2005 )

* 1921 – Juanita M. Kreps, American economist, educator, & civil servant ; 24th United States Secretary of Commerce ( d. 2010 )

Wells, American civil rights activist ( d. 1931 )

The line is potentially significant because it links landlocked Mali to the port of Dakar, increasingly of interest for Malian exports in the face of the disruption of access to Abidjan, Côte d ’ Ivoire, as a result of civil conflict in that country beginning in late 2002.

* 1898 – Septima Poinsette Clark, American educator and civil rights activist ( d. 1987 )

In 1893, King Alexander, aged sixteen, in a first coup d ' état proclaimed himself of full age, dismissed the regents and their government, and took the royal authority into his own hands.

The Council sought to: ( a ) bring an end to the practice of the conferring of ecclesiastical benefices by people who were laymen ; ( b ) free the election of bishops and abbots from secular influence ; ( c ) clarify the separation of spiritual and temporal affairs ; ( d ) re-establish the principle that spiritual authority resides solely in the Church ; ( e ) abolish the claim of the emperors to influence papal elections.

The principal instrument of American authority was the newly-created Gendarmerie d ' Haïti, commanded by American officers.

This led Herbert Hoover to appoint two commissions, including one headed by a former US governor of the Philippines William Cameron Forbes, which criticized the exclusion of Haitians from positions of authority in the government and constabulary, now known as the Garde d ' Haïti.

In military dictatorships, or governments which have arisen from coups d ' état, the position of commander-in-chief is obvious, as all authority in such a government derives from the application of military force ; occasionally a power vacuum created by war is filled by a head of state stepping beyond his or her normal constitutional role, as King Albert I of Belgium did during World War I.

As such, most Conservative rabbis outside the USA are exercising their authority as local rabbinic authorities ( mara d ' atra ) to reject the more liberal responsa.

" By means of religion ," d ' Alembert wrote, " the Jesuits established a monarchical authority in Paraguay, founded solely on their powers of persuasion and on their lenient methods of government.

* the “ authority point ” ( point d ’ autorité: 10px )

Lawrence, a British leading authority on classical sculpture and architecture ( d. 1991 )

* February 8 – Valentine O ' Hara, Irish author and authority on Russia and the Baltic States ( d. 1945 )

** Isaac ben Sheshet, Spanish Talmudic authority ( d. 1408 )

** Nissim of Gerona, talmudist and authority in Jewish law ( d. 1380 )

From 1826 to 1834 the studio of Ingres was thronged, and he was a recognized chef d ' école who taught with authority and wisdom while working steadily.

* Quintus Mucius Scaevola Augur, politician of the Roman Republic and an early authority on Roman law ( d. 88 BC ) ( approximate date )

The only possible exception to GC IV Art 5 is when he is a national of the authority imprisoning him, in which case he would not be a mercenary soldier as defined in APGC77 Art 47. d.

The highest authority of the FLN was vested in the thirty-four-member National Council of the Algerian Revolution ( Conseil National de la Révolution Algérienne, CNRA ), within which the five-man Committee of Coordination and Enforcement ( Comité de Coordination et d ' Exécution, CCE ) formed the executive.

The settlement of Fort Maurepas or Old Biloxi, in colonial French Louisiana ( New France ), began in April 1699 at present-day Ocean Springs, under the authority of King Louis XIV, as Fort Maurepas by Pierre Le Moyne d ' Iberville.

At the Battle of Jarnac ( 16 March 1569 ), the prince of Condé was killed, forcing Admiral de Coligny to take command of the Protestant forces, nominally on behalf of Condé's 15 year old son, Henry, and the sixteen-year old Henry of Navarre, who were presented by Jeanne d ' Albret as the legitimate leaders of the Huguenot cause against royal authority.

Robert's differences with the Carrick affinity regarding the conduct of the war and his continued failure or unwillingness to deal with Buchan in the north led to the political convulsion of November 1384 when the Council removed the king's authority to govern and appointed Carrick as lieutenant of the kingdom — a coup d ’ état had taken place.

In government, authority is the scope of an entity's legitimate power ( Cline n. d .) when acting on behalf of the government.

( Agarwal n. d .) In truth bestowing authority is a function of any social institution.

On 19 March 1792, when the perpetrators of the massacre of Avignon had been introduced to the Assembly by Collot d ' Herbois, Vergniaud spoke indulgently of their crimes and lent the authority of his voice to their amnesty.

( d ) the exercise of authority.

It should be noted that it was not just his agnosticicm which worried the Catholic hierarchy but that by insisting upon politiques d ' abord he questioned the primacy of the spiritual and thus the teaching authority of the Church and the authority of the Pope himself.