BBC Text also enabled channel association, the ability for the user to retain their selected television channel visible in one section of the screen whilst viewing the text service, in contrast to Ceefax, which could only be viewed as a full-screen display, or as a semitransparent overlay ( i. e. opaque blocks of colour on top of the television channel, with the black background now transparent ; not ' translucent blocks of colour with a translucent black background ') above the television picture.

Planned economies are in contrast to unplanned economies, i. e. the market economy and proposed self-managed economy, where production, distribution, pricing, and investment decisions are made by autonomous firms based upon their individual interests rather than upon a macroeconomic plan.

Egoism and altruism both contrast with ethical utilitarianism, which holds that a moral agent should treat one's self ( also known as the subject ) with no higher regard than one has for others ( as egoism does, by elevating self-interests and " the self " to a status not granted to others ), but that one also should not ( as altruism does ) sacrifice one's own interests to help others ' interests, so long as one's own interests ( i. e. one's own desires or well-being ) are substantially equivalent to the others ' interests and well-being.

Egoism, utilitarianism, and altruism are all forms of consequentialism, but egoism and altruism contrast with utilitarianism, in that egoism and altruism are both agent-focused forms of consequentialism ( i. e. subject-focused or subjective ), but utilitarianism is called agent-neutral ( i. e. objective and impartial ) as it does not treat the subject's ( i. e. the self's, i. e. the moral " agent's ") own interests as being more or less important than the interests, desires, or well-being of others.

By contrast, for higher frequency radiations at ultraviolet frequencies and above ( i. e., X-rays and gamma rays ) the damage to chemical materials and living cells by EMR is far larger than that done by simple heating, due to the ability of single photons in such high frequency EMR to damage individual molecules chemically.

The Apsu was figured as the abyss of water beneath the earth, and since the gathering place of the dead, known as Aralu, was situated near the confines of the Apsu, he was also designated as En-Ki ; i. e. " lord of that which is below ", in contrast to Anu, who was the lord of the " above " or the heavens.

Criticizability, in contrast to falsifiability, and thus rationality, may be comprehensive ( i. e., have no logical limits ), though this claim is controversial even among proponents of Popper's philosophy and critical rationalism.

Motherland may refer to a mother country, i. e. the place of one's birth, the place of origin of an ethnic group or immigrant, or a Metropole in contrast to its colonies.

Egoism and altruism both contrast with ethical utilitarianism, which holds that a moral agent should treat one's self ( also known as the subject ) with no higher regard than one has for others ( as egoism does, by elevating self-interests and " the self " to a status not granted to others ), but that one also should not ( as altruism does ) sacrifice one's own interests to help others ' interests, so long as one's own interests ( i. e. one's own desires or well-being ) are substantially-equivalent to the others ' interests and well-being.

Egoism, utilitarianism, and altruism are all forms of consequentialism, but egoism and altruism contrast with utilitarianism, in that egoism and altruism are both agent-focused forms of consequentialism ( i. e. subject-focused or subjective ), but utilitarianism is called agent-neutral ( i. e. objective and impartial ) as it does not treat the subject's ( i. e. the self's, i. e. the moral " agent's ") own interests as being more or less important than if the same interests, desires, or well-being were anyone else's.

In contrast, Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren instigated the policy of Indian removal to the west ( i. e. the Trail of Tears ).

In another the resurrection is shown to be that of what has gone down, i. e., the body ; the knowledge concerning it is the new doctrine in contrast with that of the old philosophers ; the doctrine follows from the command to keep the body in moral purity.

In contrast, the Coulomb repulsion of the electrons, i. e. the tendency that they try to avoid each other by this repulsion, would lead to an antisymmetric orbital function ( i. e. with the-sign ) of these two particles, and complementary to a symmetric spin function ( i. e. with the + sign, one of the so-called " triplet functions ").

In contrast to the Prussian-oriented periodicals, in the late 19th century such newspapers as Przyjaciel Ludu Łecki and Mazur were founded by members of the Warsaw-based Komitet Centralny dla Slaska, Kaszub i Mazur ( Central Committee for Silesia, Kashubia and Masuria ), influenced by Polish politicians like Antoni Osuchowski or Juliusz Bursche, to strengthen a Polish identity in Masuria.

One task is identifying the discourse structure of connected text, i. e. the nature of the discourse relationships between sentences ( e. g. elaboration, explanation, contrast ).

This meta-analysis was controversial and stands in stark contrast with two different reviews also performed in 2006 by the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition and a second JAMA review ; both indicated decreases in total mortality and cardiovascular incidents ( i. e., myocardial infarctions ) associated with the regular consumption of fish and fish oil supplements.

In contrast with a tax on real estate ( land and buildings ), a land value tax is levied only on the unimproved value of the land (" land " in this instance may mean either the economic term, i. e., all natural resources, or the natural resources associated with specific areas of the Earth's surface: " lots " or " land parcels ").

If the appellate court does find a legal defect in the decision " below " ( i. e., in the lower court ), it may " modify " the ruling to correct the defect, or it may nullify (" reverse " or " vacate ") the whole decision or any part of it.

The practical definition may lead to confusion with the definition of a coulomb ( i. e., 1 amp-second ), but in practical terms this means that measures of a constant current ( e. g., the nominal flow of charge per second through a simple circuit ) will be defined in amperes ( e. g., " a 20 mA circuit ") and the flow of charge through a circuit over a period of time will be defined in coulombs ( e. g., " a variable-current circuit that flows a total of 10 coulombs over 5 seconds ").

For example, an array of 10 integer variables, with indices 0 through 9, may be stored as 10 words at memory addresses 2000, 2004, 2008, … 2036, so that the element with index i has the address 2000 + 4 × i.

These signals may positively ( i. e., trigger ) or negatively ( i. e., repress, inhibit, or dampen ) affect apoptosis.

To maintain network performance, networks may apply traffic policing to virtual circuits to limit them to their traffic contracts at the entry points to the network, i. e. the User – network interfaces ( UNIs ) and Network-to-network interfaces ( NNIs ): Usage / Network Parameter Control ( UPC and NPC ).

On the continent of Europe among some civil law systems ( i. e. those deriving from Roman law or the Napoleonic Code ), the inquisitorial system may be used for some types of cases.

It may be noted, in confirmation of this view, that the naval supremacy of Aegina is assigned by the ancient writers on chronology to precisely this period, i. e. the years 490-480.

( i may be an integer for a discrete-time process or a real number for a continuous-time process.

The anthropic principle is often criticized for lacking falsifiability and therefore critics of the anthropic principle may point out that the anthropic principle is a non-scientific concept, even though the weak anthropic principle, " conditions that are observed in the universe must allow the observer to exist ", is " easy " to support in mathematics and philosophy, i. e. it is a tautology or truism

However, MUL and DIV are special cases, other arithmetic-logical instructions ( ADD, SUB, CMP, AND, OR, XOR, TEST ) may specify any of the eight registers EAX, ECX, EDX, EBX, ESP, EBP, ESI, EDI as the accumulator ( i. e. left operand and destination ); x86 is thus a fairly general register architecture, despite being based on an accumulator model.

Although Zermelo's fix allows a class to describe arbitrary ( possibly " large ") entities, these predicates of the meta-language may have no formal existence ( i. e., as a set ) within the theory.

: This may include factory acceptance testing, i. e. the testing done by factory users before the factory is moved to its own site, after which site acceptance testing may be performed by the users at the site.

In general, the difference between a statistics program and a biostatistics program is twofold: ( i ) statistics departments will often host theoretical / methodological research which are less common in biostatistics programs and ( ii ) statistics departments have lines of research that may include biomedical applications but also other areas such as industry ( quality control ), business and economics and biological areas other than medicine.

Hypomanic episodes do not go to the full extremes of mania ( i. e., do not usually cause severe social or occupational impairment, and are without psychosis ), and this can make bipolar II more difficult to diagnose, since the hypomanic episodes may simply appear as a period of successful high productivity and is reported less frequently than a distressing, crippling depression.

Practitioners of BDSM vary hugely in their perception of what activities are integral to BDSM, and some borderline activities ( light bondage, hot wax, blindfolds ) may be practiced by people identifying as " vanilla " ( i. e., not into BDSM ) – so inclusion in the community is usually dependent on self-proclaimed identification with the community.

In major modern economies such as those of the United States or the Euro Zone, most money is electronic, but the " currency " of these polities may, depending on context, include all money or just specie ( i. e., various physical representations of money ).

# Find the site of the brain that may be causing coma ( i. e. brain stem, back of brain …) and assess the severity of the coma with the Glasgow coma scale

Some chemists may also mark the respective orbitals, i. e. the hypothetical ethene < sup >− 4 </ sup > anion (< sub >

A formal grammar defines ( or generates ) a formal language, which is a ( usually infinite ) set of finite-length sequences of symbols ( i. e. strings ) that may be constructed by applying production rules to another sequence of symbols which initially contains just the start symbol.

More conceptually, this rule expresses the fact that a change in the x < sub > i </ sub > direction may change all of g < sub > 1 </ sub > through g < sub > k </ sub >, and any of these changes may affect f.

In Attic, the shift did not take place after epsilon, iota, and rho ( ε, ι, ρ ; e, i, r ).

The largest opening of the pencils, which take part in the reproduction of O, i. e. the angle u, is generally determined by the margin of one of the lenses or by a hole in a thin plate placed between, before, or behind the lenses of the system.

In order to count as an intentional ball, the ball must be legally pitched, i. e., the pitcher's foot must be on the pitcher's rubber, the catcher must be in the catcher's box, and the batter must be in the batter's box appearing ready to take a pitch at the time the ball is thrown.

Bidding is based on the premise that the lowest contract available to bidders starts with the proposition to take seven tricks, i. e. one cannot contract to make less than seven tricks.

As such it draws to a conclusion the themes introduced in Genesis and played out in Exodus and Leviticus: God has promised the Israelites that they shall become a great ( i. e. numerous ) nation, that they will have a special relationship with Yahweh their god, and that they shall take possession of the land of Canaan.

A key should therefore be large enough that a brute force attack ( possible against any encryption algorithm ) is infeasible – i. e., would take too long to execute.

Midtribulationists believe that the Rapture will take place at the halfway point of the seven-year tribulation, i. e. after 3½ years.

If a 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10 is thrown on the come-out roll ( i. e., if a point is set ), most casinos allow pass line bettors to take odds by placing from one to five times ( and at some casinos, up to 100 times ) the pass line bet behind the pass line.

Games do not have to stop at the avatar-player level, but current implementations aiming for more immersive playing space ( i. e. Laser tag ) take the form of augmented reality rather than cyberspace, fully immersive virtual realities remaining impractical.

HT does not engage in armed jihad or vote-getting, but works to take power through " ideological struggle " to change Muslim public opinion, and in particular through elites who will " facilitate " a " change of the government ," i. e. launch a bloodless coup.

* Neutralizing the opponent as quickly as possible by responding with an unbroken, varied stream of counter attacks ( i. e. attacking high / low ) and if necessary a take down / joint break.

This hardware-level feature, also found in HP's NonStop systems, is known as lock-stepping, because both processors take their " steps " ( i. e. instructions ) together.

b ( i. e., take the reflexive closure of the relation ).

* Define a b as " not b < a " ( i. e., take the inverse complement of the relation ), which corresponds to defining a ~ b as " neither a < b nor b < a "; these relations and ~ are in general not transitive ; however, if they are, ~ is an equivalence ; in that case "<" is a strict weak order.

All events requiring revocation or replacement of a public key can take a long time to take full effect with all who must be informed ( i. e. all those users who possess that key ).

To capture, i. e., to take a pair.

To find the runner speed at maximum power, take the derivative of P with respect to u and set it equal to zero, 2ρQ ( V < sub > i </ sub > − 2u ).

For example, the notion of gauge invariance forms the basis of the well-known Mattis spin glasses, which are systems with the usual spin degrees of freedom for i = 1 ,..., N, with the special fixed " random " couplings Here the ε < sub > i </ sub > and ε < sub > k </ sub > quantities can independently and " randomly " take the values ± 1, which corresponds to a most-simple gauge transformation This means that thermodynamic expectation values of measurable quantities, e. g. of the energy are invariant.

According to the Pauli exclusion principle, fermions cannot share quantum states, so their occupation numbers N < sub > i </ sub > can only take on the value 0 or 1.

Using a graphic tablet for general pointing, clicking, and dragging ( i. e. not drawing ) may take some time to get used to as well.

Note that a sample of random variables ( i. e. a set of measurable functions ) must not be confused with the realizations of these variables ( which are the values that these random variables take, formally called random variates ).

This is the ability of some aircraft to take off from a short runway or take off vertically if it does not have a very heavy payload and land vertically ( i. e. with no runway ).