*— ( 1855 ) Report on a series of experimental observations ( full text )

*— ( 1858b ) Reply to the Statement of the Directors of the Atlantic Telegraph Company ( full text )

*— ( 1858c ) Recent Correspondence between Mr. Wildman Whitehouse and the Atlantic Telegraph Company ( full text )

*— International Symposium on " Linguistic Rights in the World: The current situation ", United Nations, Geneva, 24 April 2008

; 8 )*‡(; 485 ); 5 *† 2 :*‡(; 4956 * 2 ( 5 *— 4 ) 8

Instead, it presumably refers to the practice of setting law books and citing legal precedents in blackletter type, a tradition that survived long after the switch to roman and italic text for other printed works.

Each of these volumes is divided into sections that begin with a text in boldface that summarizes a basic rule on an aspect of the law of contracts, agency etc.

By contrast, in civil law jurisdictions ( the legal tradition that prevails in, or is combined with common law in, Europe and most non-Islamic, non-common law countries ), courts lack authority to act where there is no statute, and judicial precedent is given less interpretive weight ( which means that a judge deciding a given case has more freedom to interpret the text of a statute independently, and less predictably ), and scholarly literature is given more.

To consider but one example, the First Amendment to the United States Constitution states " Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof "— but interpretation ( that is, determining the fine boundaries, and resolving the tension between the " establishment " and " free exercise " clauses ) of each of the important terms was delegated by Article III of the Constitution to the judicial branch, so that the current legal boundaries of the Constitutional text can only be determined by consulting the common law.

For example, a 1978 environmental law treatise reprinted the entire text of Rule 23 and mentioned " class actions " 14 times in its index.

Many more errors came from the tendency of actors to interpolate words and sentences, producing so many corruptions and variations that a law was proposed by Lycurgus of Athens in 330 BC "... that the plays of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides should be written down and preserved in a public office ; and that the town clerk should read the text over with the actors ; and that all performances which did not comply with this regulation should be illegal.

Still, Luther insisted that the letter upheld the social status quo: though not explicit, the text could be interpreted to indicate that Paul did nothing to change Onesimus's legal position as a slave and that Paul was complying with Roman law in returning him to Philemon.

In recent years, Billy Budd has become a central text in the field of legal scholarship known as law and literature.

* the logical deduction of a halakah from a Scriptural text or from another law

While there have been Jewish groups whose beliefs were claimed to be based on the written text of the Torah alone ( e. g., the Sadducees, and the Karaites ), most Jews believed in what they call the oral law.

The two books were printed separately to avoid a British law requiring copies of all publications with text to be deposited in Crown libraries, a huge financial burden for the self-published Audubon.

Some scholars have upset the standard account of the origins of International law, which emphasises the seminal text De iure belli ac pacis by Grotius, and argued for Vitoria and, later, Suárez's importance as forerunners and, potentially, founders of the field.

The Torah's commandment to love God " with all your heart, with all your soul and with all your might " ( Deuteronomy 6: 5 ) is taken by the Mishnah ( a central text of the Jewish oral law ) to refer to good deeds, willingness to sacrifice one's life rather than commit certain serious transgressions, willingness to sacrifice all of one's possessions, and being grateful to the Lord despite adversity ( tractate Berachoth 9: 5 ).

The nature of provisional measures has been a subject of great dispute in international law ; the English text of the Statute of the International Court of Justice implies they are not binding, while the French text implies that they are.

Underneath letters by St. Jerome and Gennadius was the almost complete text of the Institutes of Gaius, probably the first student's textbook on Roman law.

According to Jewish law, a sefer Torah ( plural: Sifrei Torah ) is a copy of the formal Hebrew text of hand-written on gevil or qlaf ( forms of parchment ) by using a quill ( or other permitted writing utensil ) dipped in ink.

Another important function of Gemara is to identify the correct Biblical basis for a given law presented in the Mishnah and the logical process connecting one with the other: this activity was known as talmud long before the existence of the " Talmud " as a text.

And they read in the book, in the law of God: this indicates the text ; with an interpretation: this indicates the targum ,..." ( which shows that the targum dates back to the time of Ezra ).

While the Constitution always granted Congress the authority to meet on a different day without the need to pass an amendment, § 2 of the Twentieth Amendment " tidied up " the constitutional text by paralleling the original provision requiring that the Congress meet at least once a year in December, and changing it to January 3 ( unless changed by law ).

" It also contained text that aspired to bind future Parliaments, though under English constitutional law no Parliament can bind any later Parliament.

By law, the text of the Statutes at Large is " legal evidence " of the laws enacted by Congress.

Shortly after the Chief Executive returned to Washington in midmorning from Hyannis Port, Mass., a White House spokesman said the address text still had `` quite a way to go '' toward completion.

Unlike his translation of the Pastoral Care, Alfred here deals very freely with his original and though the late Dr. G. Schepss showed that many of the additions to the text are to be traced not to Alfred himself, but to the glosses and commentaries which he used, still there is much in the work which is solely Alfred's and highly characteristic of his style.

Although this produced a mode 7 that barely impacted upon CPU performance and gave the same visual quality as the BBC Micro, it remained compatible only with software that used the ROM routines for outputting text and graphics and still used 10 kB of memory for the display.

The original text reads, " Although equivocal predications must be reduced to univocal, still in actions, the non-univocal agent must precede the univocal agent.

The modern Hebrew text ( called the Masoretic text ) differs considerably from the Greek, and scholars are still working at finding the best solutions to the many problems this presents.

The Hebrew text of Samuel is widely recognised to be heavily corrupted with errors ( meaning that scribes, over the centuries, have introduced many mistakes while copying the original version ), while in addition the Greek and Hebrew versions differ considerably ; modern scholars are still working at finding the best solutions to the many problems this presents.

As of early 2007 this technology is still in development and the text on the printed pages can only last between 16 – 24 hours before fading.

If the Council still does not approve the Parliament's position, then the text is taken to a " Conciliation Committee " composed of the Council members plus an equal number of MEPs.

The full text is important, since the exegesis of the questions still can be a matter of inevitable debate, whenever it is asked how many have been solved.

The text's true authorship and date of composition or compilation are still debated, although the oldest excavated text dates back to the late 4th century BC.

The main difference between the text in the surviving Spanish copy and that in the Italian manuscript is that in the Spanish copy chapters 121 to 200 are noted as being missing in the exemplar — although it appears that these chapters had still been present in the Spanish original when it was first examined by George Sale.

Its text menu interface is easy to use, and well-suited to computing environments that rely heavily on remote text-oriented computer terminals, which were still common at the time of its creation in 1991, and the simplicity of its protocol facilitated a wide variety of client implementations.

The original GATT text ( GATT 1958 ) is still in effect under the WTO framework, subject to the modifications of GATT 1994.

" While most other modern critics have little positive to say about the story's writing, Ralph 124C 41 + is still considered an " essential text for all studies of science fiction.

Graphical text adventure games, where the text is accompanied by graphics ( still images, animations or video ) still fall under the text adventure category if the main way to interact with the game is text.

Whilst Schwitters still created work in an expressionist style into 1919 ( and would continue to paint realist pictures up to his death in 1948 ), the first abstract collages, influenced in particular by recent works by Hans Arp, would appear in late 1918, which Schwitters dubbed Merz after a fragment of found text from the sentence Commerz Und Privatbank in his picture Das Merzbild, Winter 1918 – 19.

The primary sense of literacy still represents the lifelong, intellectual process of gaining meaning from a critical interpretation of the written or printed text.