*** ODA received in landlocked countries as proportion of their GNIs

*** ODA received in small island developing States as proportion of their GNIs

*** Normal anatomical shunt occur due to Thebesian veins which empty into the left ventricle and the bronchial circulation which supplies the bronchi with oxygen.

*** Low partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs when switching from inhaled anesthesia to atmospheric air, due to the Fink effect, or diffusion hypoxia.

*** " Ischemic cardiomyopathy " is a weakness in the muscle of the heart due to inadequate oxygen delivery to the myocardium with coronary artery disease being the most common cause.

*** propellants, liquid oxygen, as oxidizer, and " Hydyne " ( 60 % unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine and 40 % diethylenetriamine ), as fuel

*** Basic oxygen furnace

*** Enables oxygen in the blood to travel with greater speed

*** Enables oxygen in the blood to travel at a higher volume

*** Enables oxygen in the blood to travel with greater speed

*** Calculating maximum operating depth of a breathing gas

*** Calculating equivalent air depth of a breathing gas

*** When the pressure is great enough, a diaphragm will rupture, sending gas down the rail.

*** Shortly afterwards, a sufficient voltage is applied to the rails, creating a conduction path of ionized gas.

*** Sunrise / Sun Peak ( 150 megawatts ) natural gas fired peaking plant located in Las Vegas

*** Two security guards are shot dead and police use tear gas on rioting students as protests continue in Pakistan.

Traditional plant photosynthesis has terraformed the atmosphere by sequestering carbon from carbon dioxide, increasing the proportion of molecular oxygen, and by participating in the nitrogen cycle.

Enriched Air Nitrox, nitrox with an oxygen content above 21 %, is mainly used in scuba diving to reduce the proportion of nitrogen in the breathing gas mixture.

Reducing the proportion of nitrogen by increasing the proportion of oxygen reduces the risk of decompression sickness for the same dive profile, or allows extended dive times without increasing the need for decompression stops for the same risk.

Further refinement with oxygen reduces the carbon content to the correct proportion to make steel.

Passivation only occurs if the proportion of chromium is high enough and oxygen is present.

A lower proportion of oxygen reduces the risk of oxygen toxicity on deep dives.

The proportion of oxygen in a diving mix depends on the maximum depth of the dive plan, but it is often hypoxic and typically 10 %.

The gases of planetary nebulae thus contain a large proportion of elements such as carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, and as they expand and merge into the interstellar medium, they enrich it with these heavy elements, collectively known as metals by astronomers.

It may be noted that in a paper on the proportion of the gases or elastic fluids constituting the atmosphere, read by him in November 1802, the law of multiple proportions appears to be anticipated in the words: " The elements of oxygen may combine with a certain portion of nitrous gas or with twice that portion, but with no intermediate quantity ", but there is reason to suspect that this sentence may have been added some time after the reading of the paper, which was not published until 1805.

It consists of oxygen and carbon dioxide in proportion of roughly 5 to 2.

To manipulate blood oxygen level, they changed the proportion of oxygen the animals breathed.

Although the amount of gas per minute is the same ( 5 L / min ), a large proportion of the shallow breaths is dead space, and does not allow oxygen to get into the blood.

The fully closed circuit rebreather is able to minimise the proportion of inert gases in the breathing mix, and therefore minimise the decompression requirements of the diver, by maintaining a specific and relatively high oxygen partial pressure ( ppO < sub > 2 </ sub >) at all depths.

This flushes out the old mix and replaces it with a known proportion of oxygen.

The concentration of oxygen in the loop depends on two factors: depth and the proportion of oxygen in the mix.

They can store almost twice as much oxygen in proportion to their body weight as a human can: the dolphin can store 36 ml of oxygen per kg of body weight, compared with 20 ml / kg for humans.

) The rebreathers which are the most compact in proportion to dive duration are oxygen rebreathers, but these are depth limited to about because of the oxygen toxicity risk.

As the earlier images suggest, polyphenol compositions are normally limited to carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in undefined proportion, with the preeminent substructure being the phenol unit.

The large proportion of nitrogen in the air dissolves in water slowly and maintains the gas gill volume supporting oxygen diffusion.

The MOD is significant when planning dives using gases such as nitrox and trimix because the proportion of oxygen in the mix determines the maximum safe depth for breathing that gas.

They are used in oxygen analysers in technical diving to display the proportion of oxygen in a nitrox or trimix breathing gas before a dive.

This causes the boiling point of the mixture to rise, which in turn results in a rise in the temperature in the vapor, which results in a changing ratio of A: B in the gas phase ( as distillation continues, there is an increasing proportion of B in the gas phase ).

A lower proportion of nitrogen is required to reduce nitrogen narcosis and other physiological effects of the gas at depth.

These included major controversy over the United States ' proposal to allow credit for carbon " sinks " in forests and agricultural lands, satisfying a major proportion of the U. S. emissions reductions in this way ; disagreements over consequences for non-compliance by countries that did not meet their emission reduction targets ; and difficulties in resolving how developing countries could obtain financial assistance to deal with adverse effects of climate change and meet their obligations to plan for measuring and possibly reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

The exhaust is, however, relatively low in NOx emissions, as combustion temperatures are lower than in other engines, and also because of some inherent Exhaust Gas Recirculation-EGR-in early engines ; the higher the combustion temperature is, the higher the NOx emissions are ( sir Harry Ricardo proved in the 20's that for every 1 % increase of the proportion of exhaust gas in the admission mix, there's a 45º F reduction in flame temperature ); this allowed Mazda to meet the United States Clean Air Act of 1970 in 1973 with a simple and inexpensive ' thermal reactor ' ( an enlarged open chamber in the exhaust manifold ) by paradoxically enriching the air-fuel ratio to the point where the unburned hydrocarbons ( HC ) in the exhaust would support complete combustion in the thermal reactor ; while piston-engine cars required expensive catalytic converters to deal with both unburned hydrocarbons and NOx emissions.

# If the temperature changes and the number of gas molecules are kept constant, then either pressure or volume ( or both ) will change in direct proportion to the temperature.

A proportion of Esso's greenhouse gas production arose because of the flaring of gas in Nigeria.

The equation shows that, as absolute temperature increases, the volume of the gas also increases in proportion.

Autodesk introduced C-FACT, an open-source, science-driven approach to setting greenhouse gas reduction targets, which calls for greenhouse gas ( GHG ) reductions to be made in proportion to a company ’ s gross domestic product ( GDP ).

Pyroclastic flows that contain a much higher proportion of gas to rock are known as " fully dilute pyroclastic density currents " or pyroclastic surges.

In recently years however evidence is mounting that a reasonable proportion of these galaxies have some residual gas reservoirs, and low level star-formation.

A collection of charged particles, or even a gas containing a proportion of charged particles, is called a plasma, which is called the fourth state of matter because its properties are quite different from solids, liquids and gases ( plasma is the most common state of matter in the universe ).

It is similar to a pyroclastic flow but it has a lower density or contains a much higher proportion of gas to rock ratio, which makes it more turbulent and allows it to rise over ridges and hills rather than always travel downhill as pyroclastic flows do.

The stalling of the UK nuclear power programme in the late 1980s and the coincident dash for gas increased the proportion of dispatchable plant on the network, making the use of pumped storage for day / night load balancing less attractive.

In the case of compressed air, or Nitrox mixtures, the exhaled gas is not valuable enough to justify the expense of recycling, but Helium based mixtures are considerably more expensive, and as the depth increases, the amount of gas used ( in terms of mass, or number of molecules ) increases in direct proportion to the ambient pressure.

However, the output of the vaporiser is typically set at 1 – 2 %, which means that only a very small proportion of the fresh gas needs to be diverted through the vaporising chamber ( this proportion is known as the splitting ratio ).