*** Vertical: 100 scan lines per inch (' Basic ')

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*** 124 Basic Training Wing, Tripoli, Arkadia

*** The German Grundgesetz ( more commonly translated as " Basic Law ").

*** 727 Naval Air Squadron, Grob Tutor, Basic flight Training

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*** Normal anatomical shunt occur due to Thebesian veins which empty into the left ventricle and the bronchial circulation which supplies the bronchi with oxygen.

*** Low partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs when switching from inhaled anesthesia to atmospheric air, due to the Fink effect, or diffusion hypoxia.

*** " Ischemic cardiomyopathy " is a weakness in the muscle of the heart due to inadequate oxygen delivery to the myocardium with coronary artery disease being the most common cause.

*** propellants, liquid oxygen, as oxidizer, and " Hydyne " ( 60 % unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine and 40 % diethylenetriamine ), as fuel

*** Analyzing proportion of oxygen in a breathing gas

*** Enables oxygen in the blood to travel with greater speed

*** Enables oxygen in the blood to travel at a higher volume

*** Enables oxygen in the blood to travel with greater speed

*** Puddling furnace

*** Reverberatory furnace

*** Open hearth furnace

*** Electric arc furnace

*** Electric induction furnace

*** Reheating furnace

Basic oxygen steelmaking is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbon-rich molten pig iron is made into steel.

* Basic oxygen steelmaking

* Basic oxygen furnace, a furnace used in steel production

# REDIRECT Basic oxygen steelmaking

Basic oxygen steelmaking ( BOS, BOP, BOF, and OSM ), also known as Linz-Donawitz-Verfahren steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbon-rich molten pig iron is made into steel.

Basic oxygen steelmaking eventually replaced the open hearth furnace.

* a process vessel in Basic oxygen steelmaking

# REDIRECT Basic oxygen steelmaking

* Basic oxygen steelmaking, introduced in 1952.

Basic human needs such as nutrition, oxygen, fluids, and temperature regulation are identified with this mode ( Fawcett, 1984 ).

# REDIRECT Basic oxygen steelmaking

A reducing environment ( often provided by carbon monoxide in an air-starved furnace ) pulls the final oxygen atoms from the raw metal.

The bloomery was nonexistent in ancient China ; however, the Han-era Chinese produced wrought iron by injecting excess oxygen into a furnace and causing decarburization.

The hot metal is then charged into a steelmaking vessel to produce steel, typically with an electric arc furnace, induction furnace or basic oxygen furnace, by burning off the excess carbon in a controlled fashion and adjusting the alloy composition.

The vast majority of steel manufactured in the world is produced using the basic oxygen furnace ; in 2000, it accounted for 60 % of global steel output.

The process is based around a new type of blast furnace called a Cyclone Converter Furnace, which makes it possible to skip the process of manufacturing pig iron pellets that is necessary for the basic oxygen steelmaking process.

In a blast furnace, fuel, ore, and flux ( limestone ) are continuously supplied through the top of the furnace, while air ( sometimes with oxygen enrichment ) is blown into the lower section of the furnace, so that the chemical reactions take place throughout the furnace as the material moves downward.

Before the technique of injecting air into molten iron was discovered by Kelly and by Bessemer, iron was available as cast iron, a strong but brittle metal made in a blast furnace by treating iron ore with coke derived from coal, and wrought iron, a more malleable and flexible metal made by heating iron ore in a low oxygen environment in a bloomery heated by charcoal and producing " blooms ", which were 100 to 200 pound lumps of very low carbon iron mixed with slag.

While the mission had a political purpose, experiments were carried out, including one which monitored the growth of Chlorella seaweed in zero gravity, another which used the on-board Splav furnace to melt glass, lead, silver and copper chlorides, and an experiment called Oxymeter which measured oxygen in human tissue.

In steam cracking, a gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon feed like naphtha, LPG or ethane is diluted with steam and briefly heated in a furnace without the presence of oxygen.

Flame fused material always has a higher water content due to the combination of the hydrocarbons and oxygen fuelling the furnace forming hydroxyl groups within the material.

The vast majority of steel manufactured in the world is produced using the basic oxygen furnace ; in 2000, it accounted for 60 % of global steel output.

In the last quarter of the 20th century basic oxygen converters were gradually replaced by the electric arc furnace.

Cross-section of a basic oxygen furnace

High purity oxygen is blown into the furnace or BOS vessel through a vertically oriented water-cooled lance with velocities faster than Mach 1.

These materials are charged in batches into a blast furnace where the iron compounds in the ore give up excess oxygen and become liquid iron.

Historically the Bessemer process was a major advancement in the production of economical steel, but it has now been entirely replaced by other processes such as the basic oxygen furnace.

Most open hearth furnaces were closed by the early 1990s, not least because of their slow operation, being replaced by the basic oxygen furnace or electric arc furnace.