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** Black Ruthenia ( BY )
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Black and Ruthenia
After annexation of Red Ruthenia, Lesser Poland lost its status of the borderland, and both regions created an economic bridge between Poland and the ports of the Black Sea.
In about 1239 he appointed his son Vaišvilkas to govern these areas, then known as Black Ruthenia.
The princes of Galicia and Volhynia managed to gain control over Black Ruthenia, disrupting Vaišvilkas ' supremacy.
* September – Towtiwil, Prince of Black Ruthenia
* December 9 – Vaisvilkas, Prince of Black Ruthenia
There is also a region historically known as Black Ruthenia ( Black Russia, Чорная Русь / Chornaya Rus ’), it covers northwestern lands of modern-day Belarus: Hrodna, Slonim, Navahrudak, Vaukavysk and partly Minsk region.
This, however, makes the placement of Black Ruthenia problematic.
* Ruś Czarna — Black Ruthenia, part of modern Belarus
Along with Navahrudak, Hrodna was regarded as the main city on the far west of so-called Black Ruthenia, a border region that neighboured the original Lithuania.
In the 1240-1250s the Grodno area, as well as the most of Black Ruthenia, was controlled by princes of Lithuanian origin ( Mindaugas and others ) to form the Baltic-Slavic state-Grand Duchy of Lithuania on these territories.
In the 13th-14th centuries it was a center of the area sometimes known as Black Ruthenia, that with neighbor the Grand Duchy of Lithuania became a basis for Baltic-Slavic state-Grand Duchy of Lithuania ( GDL ).
However some inconsistency exists to the theory such as the fact that nothing is known about the Green Ruthenia and the Black Ruthenia is located to the west from the White Ruthenia.
Black Ruthenia, Black Rus and Black Russia-all variant conventional terms-identified a region around Navahrudak ( Novgorodok ), in the western part of contemporary Belarus on the upper reaches of the Neman River for the time period between the 13th and 14th centuries.
The name " Black Ruthenia " appears primarily in historical writings from the 18th century.
In the 13th century, the fragile unity of the Rus disintegrated due to nomadic incursions from Asia, which reached a climax with the Mongol Horde's sacking of Kiev ( 1240 ), leaving a geopolitical vacuum in the region later to be known under the conventional name Black Ruthenia.
1261 ), Prince of Black Ruthenia ( Navahradak ) 1255?
Traidenis expanded the Grand Duchy into the territories of Sudovians and Semigalians and strengthened its influence in Black Ruthenia.
Despite Mongol support to Halych-Volhynia, Traidenis was successful in battle and his control over Black Ruthenia ( Navahradak, Hrodna, Slonim, and other cities ) was strengthened.
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