** Thoracic aorta — the half of the descending aorta above the diaphragm

** Thoracic or lumbar spinal stenosis

Thoracic sympathectomy can alter many bodily functions, including sweating, vascular responses, heart rate, heart stroke volume, thyroid, baroreflex, lung volume, pupil dilation, skin temperature, goose bumps and other aspects of the autonomic nervous system, like the fight-or-flight response.