* Er, alternate spelling for Yer ( Ъ / ъ ), the hard-sign letter of the Cyrillic alphabet

The letter yer ( Ъ, ъ, italics < span style =" font-family: times, ' Times New Roman ', serif ; font-size: larger "> Ъ, ъ </ span >) of the Cyrillic script, also spelled jer or er, is known as the hard sign ( твёрдый знак ) in the modern Russian and Rusyn alphabets and as er golyam ( ер голям, " big er ") in the Bulgarian alphabet.

* Ъ ъ: Cyrillic letter Yer

Ш ш ( š ) Ъ ъ ( ع ) Э э ( e ) Ю ю ( yu, yū, yʏ ) Я я ( ya )

Ă / ă is also used in the transliteration of Bulgarian letter Ъ / ъ in the Slovak, Czech, Romanian, Estonian, Swedish and Finnish languages.

For example, the Russian letters Ъ and Ь ( which in writing are only used for modifying the preceding consonant ), and usually also Ы, Й and Ё, are usually omitted.

Note that the letters,, ( apostrophe ),,,,,, Ъ, Ь, and do not occur word initially, either because the letters mark features of preceding consonants or the sounds they represent do not occur word initially.

A common practice was the removal of not just the letters І, Ѳ, and from printing offices, but also Ъ.

Other examples include Ш for W, Ц for U, Я and Г for r, Ф for O, Д for A, Б or Ь or Ъ for B, 3 or Э or Ё for E, ☭ for G, Ч and У for Y.

Kommersant (,, The Businessman, often shortened to Ъ ) is a nationally distributed daily newspaper published in Russia mostly devoted to politics and business.

There are also two special letters ( Ь and Ъ ) that prevent that palatalization, but the first one itself palatalizes the consonant again, thus allowing combinations of both palatalized and non-palatalized consonants with.

Specific Tatar letters should be signed with the digraphs, consisting of similar Russian letters and the letters Ъ and Ь.

Its companion is the front yer, now known as the soft sign in Russian and as er malək ( ер малък, " small er ") in Bulgarian ( Ь, ь ), which was originally also a reduced vowel, more frontal than the ъ, and which is today used to mark the palatalization of consonants in all of the Slavic languages written in the Cyrillic script, except for Serbian and Macedonian, where it is not used although its traces can be seen in the letters њ and љ.

Like many Cyrillic letters, originally the letter yery was formed from a ligature: — formed from Yer ⟨ ъ ⟩ and ⟨ і ⟩ ( formerly written either dotless or with two dots ) or Izhe (⟨ и ⟩, whose former letterform resembled ⟨ н ⟩).

Moreover, Cyrillic у, which is mostly rendered as Latin < u >, is sometimes rendered instead as < ou > to distinguish it from ъ.

The new official Bulgarian system does not allow for unambiguous mapping back into Cyrillic, since unlike most other systems it does not distinguish between ъ and а ( both rendered as a ).

In the Old Church Slavonic language, the yer was a vowel letter, indicating the so-called " reduced vowel ": ъ =, ь = in the conventional transcription.

In modern Russian the letter " ъ " is called the hard sign ( твёрдый знак tvjordyj znak ).

To make the point that the publication had outlasted the Soviet regime, " Kommersant " is spelled in Russian with a terminal hard sign ( ъ ) – a letter that is silent at the end of a word in modern Russian, and was thus abolished by the post-revolution Russian spelling reform.

* the letter ъ, which in Bulgarian ( unlike the Russian language, where it is known as the " hard sign ") denotes a special schwa-like vowel.

The alphabet of Marin Drinov was used until the orthographic reform of 1945 when the letters yat, called " double e "), and yus, called " big yus " or " ъ кръстато ") were removed from the alphabet, reducing the number of letters to 30.

It is almost identical to the Bulgarian ъ and the Vietnamese ơ, and is used to transcribe the Russian ы.

The fall of the yers is fully reflected, more or less to the Russian pattern, although the terminal ъ continues to be written.

However, in part because the degree of softening before ъ is not uniform, these proposals were never implemented.

The hard sign ъ is written after both native and borrowed prefixes.

However, by that time the back nasal was pronounced the same way as ъ.

As with its companion, the back yer ‹ ъ ›, the vowel phoneme it designated was later partly dropped and partly merged with other vowels.

Once the letters ⟨ ъ ⟩ and ⟨ ь ⟩ subsequently lost their values as vowels in the Slavic languages, the current simplified form ⟨ ы ⟩ evolved.

The apostrophe is also used in Belarusian, while the same function is served in Russian by the hard sign ( ъ )— for example, Russian объект vs. Ukrainian об ' єкт, " object ".

A similar system ( differing from the former in the treatment of letters ъ, у, and digraphs ай, ей, ой and уй ), called the " Streamlined System " by Ivanov ( 2003 ) and Gaidarska ( 1998 ), was adopted in 1995 for use in Bulgarian-related place names in Antarctica by the Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria.

A modification of the system using a diacritic was proposed in the authoritative New Orthographic Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language in 2002, with ъ rendered as ă rather than a.

Systems along similar lines to the new official Bulgarian system, though with differences regarding the letters х, ъ, ь, ю and я, have also been in use in the ALA-LC Romanization scheme of the Library of Congress, and the BGN / PCGN romanization of the United States and British governments.

The Russian orthography was made simpler by unifying several adjectival and pronominal inflections, replacing the letters ( Yat ) with е, і ( depending on the context of Moscovian pronunciation ) and with и, with ф, and dropping the archaic mute yer, including the ъ ( the " hard sign ") in final position following consonants ( thus eliminating practically the last graphical remnant of the Old Slavonic open-syllable system ).

* (' small yer '), whereas the hard sign ‹ ъ › is named ер голям (' big yer ')

* Serbian ( and all its variants ): tanko jer / танко јер (' thin yer '), or simply jer / јер (' yer ')— whereas the hard sign ‹ ъ › is named debelo jer / дебело јер (' thick yer ') or simply jor / јор (' yor ')

Unlike modern Russian, some words can end with ъ, to sign a " hard g " after the " soft vowel ", as in балигъ – baliğ ( of the full legal age ).

) Cyrillic is basically a true alphabet, but has syllabic letters for ( я, е, ю ); Coptic has a letter for.

Letters that arose from Alpha include the Latin A and the Cyrillic letter А.

* A ( Cyrillic ), the first letter of the Early Cyrillic alphabet

* Be ( Cyrillic ), a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet

Until 1945, Bulgarian orthography did not reveal this alternation and used the original Old Slavic Cyrillic letter yat (), which was commonly called двойно е ( dvoyno e ) at the time, to express the historical yat vowel or at least root vowels displaying the ya – e alternation.

For example, the Cyrillic letter Р is usually written as R in the Latin script, although in many cases it is not as simple as a one-for-one equivalence.

Letters that arose from Eta include the Latin H and the Cyrillic letter И.

Eta was also borrowed with the sound value of into the Cyrillic script, where it gave rise to the Cyrillic letter И.

* Г г: Cyrillic letter Ge

* Ѓ ѓ: Cyrillic letter Gje

* Ғ ғ: Cyrillic letter Ghayn

Unlike Cyrillic numerals, which inherited their numeric value from the corresponding Greek letter ( see Greek numerals ), Glagolitic letters were assigned values based on their native alphabetic order.

For instance, the letter yu Ⱓ is thought to have perhaps originally had the sound / u /, but was displaced by the adoption of an ow ligature Ⱆ under the influence of later Cyrillic.

The following table lists each letter in its modern order, showing an image of the letter ( round variant ), the corresponding modern Cyrillic letter, the approximate sound transcribed with the IPA, the name, and suggestions for its origin.

Letters that arose from this letter include the Roman I and J and the Cyrillic І ( І, і ), Yi ( Ї, ї ), Je ( Ј, ј ), and iotified letters ( e. g. Yu ( Ю, ю )).

Letters in other alphabets that stemmed from lambda include the Latin L and the Cyrillic letter El ( Л, л ).

* О о: Cyrillic letter O

* Psi ( Cyrillic ) ( Ѱ, ѱ ), a letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet, adopted from Greek

In phonetics, rhotic consonants, also called tremulants or " R-like " sounds, are liquid consonants that are traditionally represented orthographically by symbols derived from the Greek letter rho, including ⟨ R ⟩, ⟨ r ⟩ from the Latin script and ⟨ Р ⟩, ⟨ p ⟩ from the Cyrillic script.