* Er, alternate spelling for Yer ( Ъ / ъ ), the hard-sign letter of the Cyrillic alphabet

The letter yer ( Ъ, ъ, italics < span style =" font-family: times, ' Times New Roman ', serif ; font-size: larger "> Ъ, ъ </ span >) of the Cyrillic script, also spelled jer or er, is known as the hard sign ( твёрдый знак ) in the modern Russian and Rusyn alphabets and as er golyam ( ер голям, " big er ") in the Bulgarian alphabet.

In the Old Church Slavonic language, the yer was a vowel letter, indicating the so-called " reduced vowel ": ъ =, ь = in the conventional transcription.

In modern Russian the letter " ъ " is called the hard sign ( твёрдый знак tvjordyj znak ).

* Ъ ъ: Cyrillic letter Yer, a. k. a. hard sign

Like many Cyrillic letters, originally the letter yery was formed from a ligature: — formed from Yer ⟨ ъ ⟩ and ⟨ і ⟩ ( formerly written either dotless or with two dots ) or Izhe (⟨ и ⟩, whose former letterform resembled ⟨ н ⟩).

* Ъ ъ: Cyrillic letter Yer

To make the point that the publication had outlasted the Soviet regime, " Kommersant " is spelled in Russian with a terminal hard sign ( ъ ) – a letter that is silent at the end of a word in modern Russian, and was thus abolished by the post-revolution Russian spelling reform.

Ă / ă is also used in the transliteration of Bulgarian letter Ъ / ъ in the Slovak, Czech, Romanian, Estonian, Swedish and Finnish languages.

At this time Harriet wrote in a letter which after their finally landing in India was sent to her mother:

It need hardly be remarked that Thompson was not generally known for his scrupulosity about keeping his social engagements, which makes his irritation in this letter all the more significant.

She ended her letter with the assurance that she considered his friendship for her daughter and herself to be an honor, from which she could not part `` without still more pain ''.

After Thompson came to London to live, he received a letter from Katie, which was dated February 8, 1897.

In a letter to Meynell, which was written in June, less than a month before Katie's wedding, he was highly melodramatic in his despair and once again announced his intention of returning to the life of the streets: ``

The `` orphaned poems '' mentioned in the letter to Meynell comprised a group of five sonnets, which were published in the 1913 edition of Thompson's works under the heading `` Ad Amicam '', plus certain other completed pieces and rough drafts gathered together in one of the familiar exercise books.

But things were worked out in the family and late in August he wrote Miss McCrady an explanatory letter in which he told her that matters at home had been in an unsettled condition after Papa's death and he had not known whether he would stay at home with Mama, accept the Northwestern job, or return to Harvard.

Sturley on November 4 answered a letter from Quiney written on October 25 which imported, wrote Sturley, `` that our countriman Mr. Wm. Shak. would procure us monei: which I will like of as I shall heare when, wheare & howe: and I prai let not go that occasion if it mai sort to ani indifferent condicions.

Perhaps, in that short piece or letter written to Hartlib in which he sketched his scheme for educating young men, he merely overlooked that phase of their exercises.

Juanita drooped about the place, wearing a haunted, brooding look, which Kate attributed to the baby's death, until the day a letter came for her addressed to `` Miss Juanita Fitzroy '', bearing a Grafton postmark.

Finished signs are produced by sliding the separate letter panels into channels of 0.025-in. aluminum, which may be mounted to various surfaces.

After Gagarin became the Greatest Man in the World, for a nation that does not believe in the cult of personality or in careerism, Moreland wrote me a letter in which he said: `` I am not interested in how long a bee can live in a vacuum, or how far it can fly.

Both elements -- the caution about a meeting, the willingness eventually to hold one -- were reflected in a letter from the President which Ambassador Llewellyn E. Thompson brought back to Russia late in February.

This was the letter which would or would not enroll his son, David, in Hanford.

It is similar to the Ancient Greek letter Alpha, from which it derives.

The earliest certain ancestor of " A " is aleph ( also called ' aleph ), the first letter of the Phoenician alphabet ( which, by consisting entirely of consonants, is an abjad rather than a true alphabet ).

The continued existence of TAI was questioned in a 2007 letter from the BIPM to the ITU-R which stated " In the case of a redefinition of UTC without leap seconds, the CCTF would consider discussing the possibility of suppressing TAI, as it would remain parallel to the continuous UTC.

Hunter S. Thompson's Fear and Loathing in America: The Brutal Odyssey of an Outlaw Journalist, which contains hundreds of private letters written by Thompson over the years, contains a letter in which he uses A Modest Proposals satire technique against the Vietnam War.

In German, words starting with sch-( constituting the German phoneme ) would be intercalated between words with initial sca-and sci-( all incidentally loanwords ) instead of this graphic cluster appearing after the letter s, as though it were a single letter — a lexicographical policy which would be de rigueur in a dictionary of Albanian, i. e. dh -, ë -, gj -, ll -, rr -, th -, xh-and zh-( all representing phonemes and considered separate single letters ) would follow the letters d, e, g, l, n, r, t, x and z respectively.

The Phoenician letter names, in which each letter was associated with a word that begins with that sound, continue to be used to varying degrees in Samaritan, Aramaic, Syriac, Hebrew, Greek and Arabic.

In the Middle East, Aramaic gave rise to the Hebrew and Nabataean abjads, which retained many of the Aramaic letter forms.

Until 1945, Bulgarian orthography did not reveal this alternation and used the original Old Slavic Cyrillic letter yat (), which was commonly called двойно е ( dvoyno e ) at the time, to express the historical yat vowel or at least root vowels displaying the ya – e alternation.

The following table gives the letters of the Bulgarian alphabet, along with the IPA values for the sound of each letter:

:* Belarusian, Bulgarian, Russian and Ukrainian have the letter й.

In Bulgarian Cyrillic, the letter

The Belarusian Lacinka alphabet also contains the digraph ( as a separate letter ), and Latin transctiptions of Bulgarian and Macedonian may also use them at times for transcription of the letter-combination ДЖ ( Bulgarian ) and the letter Џ ( Macedonian ).

In standard Bulgarian and in the eastern dialects, the old yat letter is pronounced as я (" ya ") when stressed and the following syllable does not contain the vowels и (" i ") or е (" e "), and pronounced as е in all other cases.

Attempting to speak the standard Bulgarian dialect, some speakers from Western Bulgaria mispronounce many words containing the yat letter – голями (" golyami "), желязни (" zhelyazni "), бяли (" byali "), видяли (" vidyali "), спряни (" spryani "), живяли (" zhivyali ") instead of големи (" golemi "), железни (" zhelezni "), бели (" beli "), видели (" videli "), спрени (" spreni "), живели (" zhiveli ").

Therefore, the letter was dropped in a series of orthographic reforms: in Serbian with the reform of Vuk Karadžić, which was later adopted for Macedonian, in Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian roughly with the October revolution, and in Bulgarian and Rusyn as late as 1945.

From the liberation of Bulgaria until 1945, the standard Bulgarian orthography did not reflect this alternation and used the Cyrillic letter yat for both " ya " and " e " in alternating roots.

In 1947 the letter was removed from the Bulgarian alphabet and the spelling was changed to conform to the Eastern pronunciation.

In Bulgarian, the letter Ghe represents a voiced velar plosive, except when it is devoiced to word-finally or before a voiceless consonant.

In Russian and Bulgarian, the letter Be generally represents the voiced bilabial plosive, but word-finally or before a voiceless consonant it also represents the voiceless, and before a palatalizing vowel it represents.

In most languages that use the Cyrillic alphabet – such as Ukrainian, Belarusian, Russian, Serbian, Macedonian and Bulgarian – the Cyrillic letter A represents the open front unrounded vowel.

Yu ( Ю ю ; italics: < span style =" font-family: times, Times New Roman, serif ; font-size: larger "> Ю ю </ span >; ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script used in East Slavic and Bulgarian alphabets.

While working as a teacher in Kishinev, Misirkov sent а letter to the Bulgarian academic Aleksandar Teodorov-Balan with a request to be assigned as a professor at Sofia University.

In a letter from in June 1862, Riggs wrote: "… The whole present an interesting picture of the traditions and fancies prevailing among the mass of the Bulgarian people …"

Since Bulgarian troops began hostilities in the countryside against our Army, I have the honour to request you to leave the city of Thessalonica one hour after the delivery of this letter.

Words with this letter are often cognate with those in Bulgarian that have the sound-zhd and those in Serbian with the letter Dje ( Ђ ђ ).

It is first mentioned in a letter written on 16 April 878 by Pope John VIII to Bulgarian prince Boris I Mihail.

The longest word in Bulgarian is the 39 letter long Непротивоконституционствувателствувайте ( written in the Cyrillic alphabet ).