* 1201 – Arnold Fitz Thedmar, English chronicler and merchant ( d. 1274 )

Thomas Aquinas ( c. 1225 – 1274 ), a theologian in Medieval Europe, adapted the argument he found in his reading of Aristotle and Avicenna to form one of the most influential versions of the cosmological argument.

Indeed, it was the thirty years of work done by Thomas Aquinas and himself ( 1245 – 1274 ) that allowed for the inclusion of Aristotelian study in the curriculum of Dominican schools.

Bonaventure ( 1221 – 1274 ), one of Aquinas ' fiercest intellectual opponents, offered some of the strongest arguments in favour of the Platonic idea of the mind.

Furthermore, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi ( 1201 – 1274 ), an astronomer and mathematician from Baghdad, authored the Treasury of Astronomy, a remarkably accurate table of planetary movements that reformed the existing planetary model of Roman astronomer Ptolemy by describing a uniform circular motion of all planets in their orbits.

* 1329 – Robert the Bruce, Scottish king ( b. 1274 )

* 1274 – Robert the Bruce, Scottish king ( d. 1329 )

Saint Thomas Aquinas of Aquin, or Aquino ( c. 1225 – 7 March 1274 ) was a philosopher and theologian in the scholastic tradition, known as " Doctor Angelicus, Doctor Universalis ".

# Philip III ( 1 May 1245 – 5 October 1285 ), married firstly to Isabella of Aragon in 1262 and secondly to Maria of Brabant in 1274

* 1274 – In France, the Second Council of Lyons opens to regulate the election of the Pope.

Thomas Aquinas ( c. 1225 – 1274 ), wrote Summa Theologica and Summa Contra Gentiles which both present various versions of the Cosmological argument and Teleological argument, respectively.

* 1201 – Robert de Sorbon, French theologian and founder of the Sorbonne ( d. 1274 )

He returned to France as a legate for Urban IV and also for his successor Pope Clement IV in 1264 – 1269 and again in 1274 – 1279 under Pope Gregory X.

Pomesanians joined the other Prussian clans during the First Prussian Uprising ( 1242 – 1249 ), but was the only clan not to participate in the Great Prussian Uprising ( 1260 – 1274 ).

Robert I ( 11 July 1274 – 7 June 1329 ), popularly known as Robert the Bruce ( Medieval Gaelic: Roibert a Briuis ; modern Scottish Gaelic: Raibeart Bruis ; Norman French: Robert de Brus or Robert de Bruys ), was King of Scots from 25 March 1306, until his death in 1329.

* Heinrich of Wartenberg ( 1272 – 1274 ) Anti-Abbot

The first empirical evidence for the Earth's rotation on its axis, using the phenomenon of comets, was given by Tusi ( 1201 – 1274 ) and Ali Qushji ( 1403 – 1474 ).

* Uilleam II, Earl of Ross ( ruled 1274 – 1323 )

* Robert the Bruce ( 1274 – 1329 ) King of Scotland, victor in the First War of Scottish Independence against invasion by the Kingdom of England.

* March 3 – Folke Johansson Ängel, Archbishop of Uppsala since 1274

# Matt Smith, # 1274 – present ( 2002 – present )

One of John XXI's few acts during his brief reign was the reversal of a decree recently passed at the Second Council of Lyon ( 1274 ) that not only confined cardinals in solitude until they elected a successor Pope, but also progressively restricted their supplies of food and wine if their deliberations took too long.

The conclave began on 23 December 1294, ten days after Celestine's resignation, in strict accordance with the rules established by Pope Gregory X at the Second Council of Lyons of 1274.

Originally a Franciscan friar, he had been legate to the Greeks under Pope Gregory X in 1272, succeeded Bonaventure as Minister General of his religious order in 1274.

In accordance with Alfonso's wishes, the Comtat Venaissin was granted to the Pope Gregory X in 1274.

Bonaventure was instrumental in procuring the election of Pope Gregory X, who rewarded him with the title of Cardinal Bishop of Albano, and insisted on his presence at the great Council of Lyon in 1274.

Pope Clement IV, another Frenchman, called him to the pontifical court as a chaplain and auditor of the palace, and in 1274 he accompanied Clement's successor, Pope Gregory X, to the Second Council of Lyons, the constitutions of which he helped draw up.

The dogma was affirmed repeatedly by the Roman Catholic Church and within Roman Catholic theology, e. g. at the Council of Lyon, 1274 ( Dz § 465 ); by Pope Benedict XII, 1341 ( Dz § 544 ); by Pope Clement VI, 1351 ( Dz § 574a ); at the Council of Constance, 1418 ( Dz § 583 ); at the Council of Florence, 1439 ( Dz § 698 ); by Pope Julius III at the Council of Trent, 1551 ( Dz § 874 ); by Pope Benedict XIV, 1743 ( Dz § 1469 ); by Pope Pius VI, 1794 ( Dz § 1529 ); and by Pope Leo XIII, 1887 ( Dz § 1919 ), inter alia.

A history of political interference in papal selection and consequently long vacancies between popes, culminating in the interregnum of 1268 – 1271, prompted Pope Gregory X to decree during the Second Council of Lyons in 1274 that the cardinal electors should be locked in seclusion cum clave ( Latin for " with a key ") and not permitted to leave until a new Bishop of Rome had been elected.

The word conclavist comes from conclave ( derived from the Latin cum clave, meaning " with a key "), which evolved during the thirteenth century, being formalized by Pope Gregory X's Ubi periculum in 1274, promulgated during the Second Council of Lyon.

* Second Council of Lyon ( 1274 ; Pope Gregory X ; regarding union with the Eastern Orthodox and other matters )

** Second Council of Lyon ( 1274 ; Pope Gregory X ; regarding papal election procedures )

Folke Johansson Ängel ( Latin: Fulco Angelus ) ( died 1277 ) was Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden ( 1267 – 1277 ), although he was not ordained by the Pope until 1274.

Then, Michael VIII's hopes of stopping the advance of Charles were laid on the influence of Pope Gregory X. Gregory had high hopes of reconciling Europe, unifying the Greek and Latin churches, and launching a new crusade: to that end, he announced the Council of Lyon, to be held in 1274, and worked to arrange the election of an Emperor, so he ordered Charles to stop his operations.

As Charles I's intentions for a new offensive were stopped by the Pope and there was a general discontent within Albania, Michael VIII caught the occasion and began a campaign in Albania in late 1274.

In 1274 he accompanied Gregory X to the Council of Lyon, where it was established that only four mendicant orders were to be tolerated: Dominicans, Franciscans, Augustinians and Carmelites.

Gregory had high hopes of reconciling Europe, unifying the Greek and Latin churches, and launching a new crusade: to that end, he announced the Council of Lyon, to be held in 1274, and worked to arrange the election of an Emperor.

* 8 terms: Gregory de Rokesley ( 1274 – 1280, 1284 )

On 29 June 1274, Gregory X celebrated a Mass in St John's Church, where both sides took part.

Procedures similar to the present system were introduced in 1274 with the promulgation of Ubi periculum by Gregory X, based on the action of the magistrates of Viterbo during the interregnum of 1268 – 1271.

In addition to the decree in 1274 that the electors should be locked in seclusion, Gregory X also limited each cardinal elector to two servants, and rationed their food progressively on the fourth and ninth days should they fail to elect a new pope.

In 1274, Folke ignored the Primate of Lund by travelling to Rome and getting ordained by the pope Gregory X himself