The active sponsor of Jefferson's measure for religious liberty in Virginia, Madison played the most influential single role in the drafting of the Constitution and in securing its ratification in Virginia, founded the first political party in American history, and, as Jefferson's Secretary of State and his successor in the Presidency, guided the nation through the troubled years of our second war with Britain.

But it is also the climax to one of the absorbing chapters in our current political history.

After the Griffin-Byrd political troup has completed the circuit in November in the name of a Pre-Legislative Forum, this is going to be the most politically oriented Legislature in history.

The titles he could read easily through the criss-crossed wires: works on theology, astral physics, history, biology, political science.

No one could be more devoted than he to the American Congress as an institution and more aware of its historical significance in the political history of the world, and I shall never forget his moving talks, delivered in simple yet eloquent words, upon the meaning of our jobs as Representatives in the operation of representative government and their importance in the context of today's assault upon popular government.

It was their conviction that the people should be `` brought up together '', a grade at a time, until in some indefinite future some might be ready to tackle history, economics and political science.

`` Rarely in American history has there been a political campaign that discussed issues less or clarified them less '', says Mr. White.

He believes that greatness is a marriage between the man and the times as was aptly represented by Churchill, who would very possibly have gone down in history as a political failure if it had not been for Hitler's war.

The 1858 senate campaign featured the seven Lincoln – Douglas debates of 1858, the most famous political debates in American history.

A political history of the civil war in Angola, 1964 – 1990.

Little attention is paid to political, diplomatic, or military history, or to biographies of famous men.

The goal of the Annales was to undo the work of the Sorbonnistes, to turn French historians away from the narrowly political and diplomatic toward the new vistas in social and economic history.

Braudel developed the idea, often associated with Annalistes, of different modes of historical time: l ' histoire quasi immobile ( motionless history ) of historical geography, the history of social, political and economic structures ( la longue durée ), and the history of men and events, in the context of their structures.

While authors such as Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, Marc Ferro and Jacques Le Goff continue to carry the Annales banner, today the Annales approach has been less distinctive as more and more historians do work in cultural history, political history and economic history.

The Annales historians, after living through two world wars and incredible political upheavals in France, were deeply uncomfortable with the notion that multiple ruptures and discontinuities created history.

King Alexander tried to reconcile political parties by unveiling a liberal constitution of his own initiative, introducing for the first time in the constitutional history of Serbia the system of two chambers ( skupština and senate ).

There is a history of political controversy within organized US Ásatrú, mostly surrounding the question of how to deal with such adherents as place themselves in a context of the far right and white supremacy, notably resulting in the fragmentation of the Asatru Free Assembly in 1986.

The incident remains an iconic event of American history, and other political protests often refer to it.

Other researchers relate archaeoastronomy to the history of science, either as it relates to a culture's observations of nature and the conceptual framework they devised to impose an order on those observations or as it relates to the political motives which drove particular historical actors to deploy certain astronomical concepts or techniques.

According to this view, it is not considered to be read as a prophecy of western political history or of an eschatological future.

in American history and political science in 1956.

Other reasons, unstated, were probably more significant: Iran and Iraq had a history of interference in each other's affairs by supporting separatist movements, and although this interference had ceased since the Algiers Agreement ( 1975 ), after the Revolution Iran resumed support for Kurdish guerrillas in Iraq.

No otherwise perfect game in major league history has ever been spoiled solely by a third-strike passed ball, third-strike wild pitch, interference, or an outfield error.

Vaginismus patients are twice as likely to have a history of childhood sexual interference and held less positive attitudes about their sexuality, whereas no correlation was noted for lack of sexual knowledge or ( non-sexual ) physical abuse.

The contributions that are wildly different from the classical history are suppressed only by the interference of similar, canceling histories ( see below ).

Writing in the International Affairs journal, Michael T. Boyle of the Australian National University reviewed Hegemony or Survival alongside Immanuel Wallerstein's The Decline of American Power: The U. S. in a Chaotic World ( 2003 ), considering both to be " well-considered if imperfect arguments " that the Bush administration's foreign policy was in keeping with a long history of U. S. interference in global affairs.

This will leave the younger races to define their own history without interference.

In the original pre-Crisis version of his history, Gordon is a police detective who initially resents the mysterious vigilante's interference in police business.

Omri's interference with his own family history sets the stage for his first adventures.

Due to interference by the wizards of Unseen University while fleeing the bug-obsessed god of evolution during the creation of Fourecks, the entire continent was surrounded, for much of its history, with a huge anticyclone which effectively prevented rainclouds from arriving or ships from leaving.

Also, because of a long history of one single dominating church ( the Catholic Church ), the French state sees its duty less in protecting religion from state interference than in protecting the individual from interference by religion.

Soils with a history of human interference, for instance through major earthworks or regular deep ploughing, may lack distinct horizons almost completely.

It has a history of interference in programming and programme content.

KFBK's history reaches back to station KVQ ( first license issued: February 2, 1922 ), which shut down later that year after listener complaints about interference.

He denies the abduction of comfort women by Japanese troops, claims that a history textbook must contribute to the formation of national consciousness, and cites South Korean criticism of the New History Textbook as foreign interference in Japanese domestic affairs.

* 1484 – Pope Innocent VIII issues the Summis desiderantes, a papal bull that deputizes Heinrich Kramer and James Sprenger as inquisitors to root out alleged witchcraft in Germany and leads to one of the most oppressive witch hunts in European history.

The papal definition of the dogma declares with absolute certainty and authority that Mary possessed sanctifying grace from the first instant of her existence and was free from the lack of grace caused by the original sin at the beginning of human history.

A similar warning against papal hubris made on this occasion was the traditional exclamation " Annos Petri non videbis ", reminding the newly crowned pope that he would not live to see his rule lasting as long as that of St. Peter, who according to tradition headed the church for 35 years and has thus far been the longest reigning pope in the history of the Catholic Church.

The pontificate of Pius XII was the first in Vatican history, which published papal speeches and addresses in vernacular language on a systematic basis.

Pope Saint Celestine V ( 1215 – 19 May 1296 ), born Pietro Angelerio ( according to some sources Angelario, Angelieri, Angelliero, or Angeleri ), also known as Pietro da Morrone, was elected Pope in the year 1294 in the last non-conclave papal election in the history of the Roman Catholic Church.

He was elected at the conclusion of a papal election that ran from 1268 to 1271, the longest papal election in the history of the Roman Catholic Church.

Pope Urban VII ( 4 August 1521 – 27 September 1590 ), born Giovanni Battista Castagna, was Pope for thirteen days in September 1590, the shortest papal reign in history.

He was chosen successor of Pope Sixtus V ( 1585 – 1590 ) on 15 September 1590, but died of malaria ( 27 September 1590 ) before coronation, making his the shortest papal reign in history.

( For the history of papal conflicts with councils, see conciliar movement ).

The history of the papal struggle with Hincmar of Reims, which began during Leo's pontificate, belongs properly to that of Nicholas I.

The two keys above the eagle signify the city's papal history.

In English history, Praemunire or Praemunire facias was a law that prohibited the assertion or maintenance of papal jurisdiction, imperial or foreign, or some other alien jurisdiction or claim of supremacy in England, against the supremacy of the Monarch.

Some of the most important events constituting this history include the 1066 Granada massacre, the Persecution of Jews in the First Crusade ( by Catholics but against papal orders, see also: Sicut Judaeis ), the Alhambra Decree after the Reconquista and the creation of the Spanish Inquisition, the publication of On the Jews and Their Lies by Martin Luther which initiated the Protestant antisemitism and strengthened German antisemitism, the pogroms and the Holocaust.

Peter was canonized by Pope Innocent IV on March 9, 1253, the fastest canonization in papal history.

One of the shortest reigns in papal history, and it resulted in the most recent 3-pope year.

It marks only the second papal visit in history to a Muslim place of worship.

Throughout history, conclavists have almost exclusively been men ; however, during the papal conclave, 1939, Cardinal Pacelli ( who was elected Pope Pius XII ) was allowed to bring several German nuns, including Pascalina Lehnert, into " Cell No. 13 " as his conclavists.

Châteauneuf-du-Pape is firmly entwined with papal history.

-Catholic Church ( various articles on history, hierarchy, theology, sacraments, Mariology, Doctors of the Church, Pope Benedict XVI, papal documents, Eastern Catholic Churches, Eastern rites, liturgical traditions ) ( see " Catholic Church " navigation box ( below ))

His dispassionate and frank papal history concentrated on individual popes rather than on the developments of papal institutions.

Châteauneuf-du-Pape roughly translates to " The Pope's new castle " and, indeed, the history of this appellation is firmly entwined with papal history.