* 1516 – The Treaty of Noyon between France and Spain is signed.

* 1516 – Tabinshwehti, King of Burma ( d. 1550 )

* 1516 – Bayerische Reinheitsgebot signed in Ingolstadt.

Conrad von Gesner ( 1516 – 1565 ) and Nicholas Culpeper ( 1616 – 1654 ) also published herbals covering the medicinal uses of plants.

* Johannes Trithemius ( 1462 – 1516 )

Subsequently, the Druze chiefs of the Gharb placed their considerable military experience at the disposal of the Mamluk rulers of Egypt ( 1250 – 1516 ); first, to assist them in putting an end to what remained of Crusader rule in coastal Syria, and later to help them safeguard the Syrian coast against Crusader retaliation by sea.

* 1516 – Johannes Trithemius, German cryptographer ( b. 1462 )

* 1565 – Conrad Gessner, Swiss naturalist ( b. 1516 )

Martin Luther's lectures on Romans in 1515 – 1516 probably coincided with the development of his criticism of Roman Catholicism which led to the 95 Theses of 1517.

* 1516 – Queen Mary I of England ( d. 1558 )

* 1516 14 March – Spain becomes a united kingdom under Charles I.

The German Abbot and occultist Trithemius ( 1462 – 1516 ) supposedly had in his possession a Book of Simon the Magician, based upon the New Testament figure of Simon Magus.

His third wife was Emilie of Saxony ( July 27, 1516 – March 9, 1591 ), daughter of Henry IV, Duke of Saxony and Catherine of Mecklenburg on August 25, 1533:

# Johann ( b. Dresden, 24 August 1498 – d. Dresden, 11 January 1537 ), Hereditary Duke of Saxony ; married on 20 May 1516 to Elizabeth of Hesse.

His plot failed in a matter of days, Jane Grey was beheaded, and Mary I ( 1516 – 1558 ) took the throne amidst popular demonstration in her favour in London, which contemporaries described as the largest show of affection for a Tudor monarch.

The Mamluk province of Bilad a-Sham ( Syria ) was conquered by Turkish Sultan Selim II in 1516 – 17, becoming a part of the province of Ottoman Syria for the next four centuries, first as the Damascus Eyalet and later as the Syria Vilayet ( following the Tanzimat reorganization of 1864 ).

* Kings of Spain ( 1516 – 1700 ),

The Ottoman sultan, Selim I ( 1516 – 20 ), after defeating the Persians, conquered the Mamluks.

Salim I, moved by the eloquence of the Lebanese ruler Amir Fakhr ad Din I ( 1516 – 44 ), decided to grant the Lebanese amirs a semiautonomous status.

* Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary ( 1456 – 1516 ), Jagiellon ruler who was sometimes referred to as Vladislav III of Bohemia

* 1456 – King Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary ( d. 1516 )

* Mary I of England ( 1516 – 1558 ), aka " Bloody Mary ", Queen of England and Ireland

* 1452 – Ferdinand II of Aragon ( d. 1516 )

For Spain, dates commonly used are the death of King Ferdinand II in 1516, the death of Queen Isabella I of Castile in 1504, or the conquest of Granada in 1492.

After the death of the absolutist king Matthias Corvinus in 1490, the Hungarian magnates, who did not want another heavy-handed king, procured the accession of Vladislaus II ( reigned 1490 – 1516 ), king of Bohemia, because of his notorious weakness: he was known as King Dobže, or Dobzse in Hungarian orthography ( meaning “ Good ” or, loosely, “ OK ”) from his habit of accepting without question every petition and document laid before him .< ref name =" britannica1 ">

* March 1 – King Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary ( d. 1516 )

* March 10 – King Ferdinand II of Aragon ( d. 1516 )

Louis II (, 1 July 1506, Buda – 29 August 1526, Mohács ) was King of Hungary, Bohemia and Croatia from 1516 to 1526.

So, with the death of his grandfather, King Ferdinand II of Aragon on 23 January 1516, his mother Joanna inherited the Crown of Aragon, which consisted of Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia, Naples, Sicily and Sardinia ; while Charles became Governor General.

In 1516 Leonardo was invited by King François I to work at the Clos Lucé near the king's castle in Amboise.

Henry II ( 18 April 1503 – 25 May 1555 ) was the eldest son of John III of Navarre ( died 1516 ) and Catherine I of Navarre, sister and heiress of Francis Phoebus, King of Navarre ; he was born at Sangüesa.

Margaret Leijonhufvud ( née Margareta Eriksdotter ; 1 January 1516, Ekeberg Castle, Närke – 26 August 1551 ) was a Swedish queen consort of King Gustav I, Queen of Sweden from 1536 to 1551.

In 1451, the lands of the county of Luxemburg were absorbed into the Duchy of Burgundy and as a result, Bastogne became part of the lands of the Spanish Crown when the Burgundian heir Charles became King of Spain in 1516.

Hanno ( Italian, Annone ; c. 1510 – 8 June 1516 ) was the pet white elephant given by King Manuel I of Portugal to Pope Leo X ( born Giovanni de ' Medici ) at his coronation.

Its strategic value was obvious and it had been discussed for centuries, in particular when King Francis I brought Leonardo da Vinci to France in 1516 and commissioned a survey of a route from the Garonne at Toulouse to the Aude at Carcassonne.

Foxe resigned the privy seal because of Wolsey's ill-advised attempt to drive King Francis I of France out of Milan by financing an expedition led by Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1516.

James Douglas, jure uxoris 4th Earl of Morton ( c. 1516 – 2 June 1581 ) was the last of the four regents of Scotland during the minority of King James VI.

Sir Thomas More ( 1478 – 1535 ), Catholic Lord Chancellor of King Henry VIII and author, described a world of almost complete religious toleration in Utopia ( 1516 ), in which the Utopians " can hold various religious beliefs without persecution from the authorities.

King Ang Chan ( 1516 – 1566 ), one of the few great Khmer monarchs of the post-Angkorian period, moved the capital from Phnom Penh to Lovek.

Marulić also wrote the Evanglistarium, a systematic discourse on ethical principles that he managed to publish in 1516 and in 1517 – the Davidiad a religious epic which fused Biblical motifs and antique, Virgilian poetics in 14 books, the most important being the story on the life of the Bilbical King David.

On 14 March 1516 Charles V was proclaimed King of Castile and of Aragon jointly with his mother, the first time the crowns of Castile and Aragon were united under the same king.

In 1516 he painted seven portraits of Charles, who had just become King of Spain, and portraits of his brother Ferdinand, the later King of Hungary, and his four sisters ( destined for the King of Denmark ).

Between 1513 and 1516, King Manuel I issued a new foral to Mafra, Ericeira and Cheleiros, and in 1519, conceded a foral to Enxara dos Cavaleiros, while confirming a foral to Gradil ( then originally donated by Afonso IV of Portugal in 1327 ).