* 1553 – Louise of Lorraine ( d. 1601 )

* 1553 – Michael Servetus is arrested by John Calvin in Geneva.

* Albert Frederick ( 1553 – 1618 )

* 1489 – Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck, German statesman and reformer ( d. 1553 )

* 1625 – Mori Terumoto, Japanese warrior ( b. 1553 )

* Principality of Anhalt-Plötzkau 1544 – 1553 and 1603 – 1665

Albert Frederick (, ; 7 May 1553 Königsberg – 28 August 1618 Fischhausen ) was duke of Prussia from 1568 until his death.

They were parents to a daughter, Louise Borgia, Duchess of Valentinois, ( 1500 – 1553 ) who first married Louis II de La Tremouille, Governor of Burgundy, and secondly Philippe de Bourbon ( 1499 – 1557 ), Seigneur de Busset.

* 1553 – King Henry IV of France ( d. 1610 )

Erasmus Alberus ( c. 1500 – 1553 ), German humanist, reformer, and poet, was born in the village of Bruchenbrücken ( now part of Friedberg, Hesse ) about the year 1500.

Lucas Cranach the Elder ( 1472 – 1553 ), the great painter patronized by the electors of Wittenberg, was a close friend of Luther, and illustrated Luther's theology for a popular audience.

* 1553 – Lady Jane Grey takes the throne of England.

* 1553 – Mori Terumoto, Japanese warrior ( d. 1625 )

* 1553 – Archduke Ernest of Austria ( d. 1595 )

* 1553 – Lady Jane Grey is replaced by Mary I of England as Queen of England after only nine days of reign.

On 30 October 1594, John Sigismund married Anna of Prussia, daughter of Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia ( 1553 – 1618 ).

* 1615 – Margaret of Valois ( b. 1553 )

* 1521 – Maurice, Elector of Saxony ( d. 1553 )

Mary I ( 18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558 ) was the Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death.

* Loades, David M. ( 1991 ) The Reign of Mary Tudor: Politics, Government and Religion in England, 1553 – 58.

* 1553 – Prospero Alpini, Italian physician and botanist ( d. 1617 )

Important naval victories of the Ottoman Empire in this period include the Battle of Preveza ( 1538 ); Battle of Ponza ( 1552 ); Battle of Djerba ( 1560 ); conquest of Algiers ( in 1516 and 1529 ) and Tunis ( in 1534 and 1574 ) from Spain ; conquest of Rhodes ( 1522 ) and Tripoli ( 1551 ) from the Knights of St. John ; capture of Nice ( 1543 ) from the Holy Roman Empire ; capture of Corsica ( 1553 ) from the Republic of Genoa ; capture of the Balearic Islands ( 1558 ) from Spain ; capture of Aden ( 1548 ), Muscat ( 1552 ) and Aceh ( 1565 – 67 ) from Portugal during the Indian Ocean expeditions ; among others.

* October 22 – Erasmus Reinhold, German astronomer and mathematician ( d. 1553 )

* September 9 – Leonhard Lechner, German composer and music editor ( b. 1553 )

* August 10 – Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck, German statesman and reformer ( d. 1553 )

** Lucas Cranach the Elder, German painter ( d. 1553 )

Lucas Cranach the Elder ( Lucas Cranach der Ältere, 4 October 1472 – 16 October 1553 ), was a German Renaissance painter and printmaker in woodcut and engraving.

French editions appeared from 1553 ; and German editions from 1546.

* Lucas Cranach the Elder ( German, 1472 – 1553 ) Leading German Renaissance painter

* Wolf Huber ( German, 1490 – 1553 )

* Johannes Aepinus ( Johann Hoeck ) ( 1499 – 1553 ), a German Protestant theologian

The story was dramatized by Hans Sachs in 1553, and by Thomas Dekker in 1600 ; and the latter's comedy appeared in a German translation in Englische Komodien und Tragodien, 1620.

Franciscus Irenicus, byname of Franz Friedlieb ( 1494 / 1495 – 1553 ) was a German humanist and historian.

Jacob ( or Jakob, or Jacques ) Sturm von Sturmeck ( August 10, 1489 – October 30, 1553 ) was a German statesman, one of the preeminent promoters of the Protestant Reformation in Germany.

Archduke Ernest of Austria ( German Ernst von Österreich ; 15 June 1553 – 20 February 1595 ) was an Austrian nobleman, the son of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria of Spain.

1553 – 9 September 1606 ) was a German composer and music editor who worked with Orlando de Lassus.

Johannes Eccard ( 1553 – 1611 ) was a German composer and kapellmeister.

* John Dee, an English mathematician, astronomer and astrologer, was presented the lay rectorship of Upton upon Severn in 1553.

The crater commemorates the Italian scholar, astronomer and poet Girolamo Fracastoro, " Fracastorius " ( 1478 ‑ 1553 ).

* May 24 – Robert Hues, English mathematician and geographer ( b. 1553 )

Bernardino Baldi ( 6 June 1553 – 10 October 1617 ) was an Italian mathematician and writer.

* May 24-Robert Hues, English mathematician and geographer ( born 1553 )

* Luca Valerio, Italian mathematician ( born 1553 )