* 1518 – Conrad Lycosthenes, French-German humanist and encyclopedist ( d. 1561 )

* 1561 – An 18-year-old Mary, Queen of Scots, returns to Scotland after spending 13 years in France.

* 1561 – Philippe van Lansberge, Dutch astronomer ( d. 1632 )

* Alexandru Lăpuşneanu, Voivode of Moldavia ( 1552 – 1561 and 1564 – 1568 )

* 1561 – Willem of Orange marries duchess Anna of Saxony.

* Principality and Duchy of Anhalt-Köthen: 1396 – 1561 and 1603 – 1847

* Principality and Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau 1396 – 1561 and 1603 – 1863

* 1656 – Thomas Fincke, Danish mathematician and physicist ( b. 1561 )

* Yoel Sirkis ( 1561 – 1640 ), Polish posek and halakhist, known as " the Bach "

Similarly, the influences of philosophers such as Sir Francis Bacon ( 1561 – 1626 ) and René Descartes ( 1596 – 1650 ), who demanded more rigor in mathematics and in removing bias from scientific observations, led to a scientific revolution.

* 1561 – Sir Edwin Sandys, English colonial settler ( d. 1629 )

Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St. Alban, Kt., KC ( 22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626 ) was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, and author.

During the next decade, Palestrina held positions similar to his Julian Chapel appointment at other chapels and churches in Rome, notably St John Lateran, ( 1555 – 1560 – a post previously held by Lassus ) and Sta Maria Maggiore ( 1561 – 1566 ).

* 1561 – Bairam Khan, Great Mughal General, regent for Akbar

* 1561 – Menno Simons, Dutch Mennonite leader ( b. 1496 )

* 1561 – Menas, Emperor of Ethiopia, defeats a revolt in Emfraz.

* 1561 – Maria of the Palatinate-Simmern ( d. 1589 )

* 1561 – Sir Francis Bacon, English philosopher ( d. 1626 )

In 1561 Luis de León, a Spanish lyric poet and an Augustinian friar, translated the Song of Songs into Spanish for his cousin, Isabel Osorio, a nun who could not read the Latin text, and wrote an accompanying commentary.

* May 24 – Luis de Góngora, Spanish poet ( b. 1561 )

In the sixteenth century, the Spanish adopted the copulative conjunction y (“ and ”) to distinguish a person ’ s surnames ; thus the Andalusian Baroque writer Luis de Góngora y Argote ( 1561 – 1627 ), the Aragonese painter Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes ( 1746 – 1828 ), the Andalusian artist Pablo Diego Ruiz y Picasso ( 1881 – 1973 ), and the Madrilenian liberal philosopher José Ortega y Gasset ( 1883 – 1955 ).

Luis de Milán ( also known as Lluís del Milà or Luys Milán ) ( c. 1500 – 1561 or possibly later ) was a Spanish Renaissance composer, vihuelist ( instrument similar to the guitar ), and writer on music.

Algeria 1 559 km, Mauritania ( de facto ) 1561 km, Spain ( Ceuta ) 6. 3 km, Spain ( Melilla ) 9. 6 km

* 1561 – Hernando Arias de Saavedra, soldier and politician ( d. 1634 )

In 1561, Martial de Loménie, secretary of state for finances under King Charles IX, became lord of Versailles.

** Jorge de Montemayor, Spanish novelist and poet ( d. 1561 )

de: 1561

In 1560 under admiral Philip de Montmorency, Count of Hoorn this admiralty was relocated near Ghent and in 1561 the Habsburg naval forces were also moved to Veere.

Slight variations of this confession existed in the French Confession de Foy ( 1559 ), the Scottish Confessio Fidei ( 1560 ) the Belfian Ecclasiarum Belgicarum Confessio ( 1561 ) and the Heidelberg Catechism ( 1563 ).

But the play was the starting-point of French classical tragedy, and was soon followed by the Médée ( 1553 ) of Jean de la Peruse and the Aman ( 1561 ) of André de Rivaudeau.

There are suggestions, based on an account in Livre de Canonerie published in 1561 and reproduced in Revue d ' Artillerie of March 1908, that indirect fire was used by the Burgundians in the 16th Century.

The word " gambit " was originally applied to chess openings in 1561 by Spanish priest Rúy López de Segura, from an Italian expression dare il gambetto ( to put a leg forward in order to trip someone ).

Lope de Aguirre ( c. 1510 – 27 October 1561 ) was a Basque Spanish conquistador in South America.

Die Rebellion des baskischen Konquistadors Lope de Aguirre in Historiographie und Geschichtsfiktion ( 1561 – 1992 ).

* Letter from Lope de Aguirre to King Philip of Spain, 1561

# Louise de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier ( 1482 – 1561 )-sister of Charles III

While French Huguenots had derisively bestowed the name Triumvirate on the alliance formed in 1561 between Catholic Francis, Duke of Guise, Anne de Montmorency, and Jacques Dalbon, Seigneur de Saint Andre during the French Wars of Religion, in later years the term would be used to describe other arrangements within France.

** Nicolas de Montreux, novelist, poet and dramatist ( born c. 1561 )

The opening is named after the 16th century Spanish priest Ruy López de Segura, who made a systematic study of this and other openings in the 150-page book on chess Libro del Ajedrez written in 1561.

In 1561, during an audience held in Santo Domingo, it was recommended that Isla de la Mona should become a part of that colony ( which at the time occupied the eastern half of Hispaniola ).

La Granjilla was designed and constructed between 1561 and 1569, by Gaspar de Vega, Juan Bautista de Toledo, Juan de Herrera, Pedro de Tolosa, Fray Marcos de Cardona and Petre Janson.