* 1553 – Louise of Lorraine ( d. 1601 )

* 1601 – Long War: Austria captures Transylvania in the Battle of Goroszló.

Thābit's formula was rediscovered by Fermat ( 1601 – 1665 ) and Descartes ( 1596 – 1650 ), to whom it is sometimes ascribed, and extended by Euler ( 1707 – 1783 ).

A new revision — probably by Bishop George Griffith ( 1601 – 1666 ), of St Asaph-based on the revised English book of 1662, was published in 1664.

Of the famine in Povolzhie ( 1921 – 1922 ) he wrote: " That horrible famine was up to cannibalism, up to consuming children by their own parents — the famine, which Russia had never known even in Time of Troubles 1601 – 1603 ..."

* 1546 – Tycho Brahe, Danish astronomer and alchemist ( d. 1601 )

* 1601 – Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, rebels against Queen Elizabeth I – the revolt is quickly crushed.

Extremely cold summers ( 1601 – 1603 ) wrecked crops, which led to the Russian famine of 1601 – 1603 and increased the social disorganization.

* 1530 – Claude Fauchet, French historian ( d. 1601 )

* 1648 – Antoine Daniel, French missionary ( b. 1601 )

* 1562 – Mark Alexander Boyd, Scottish poet ( d. 1601 )

* August Frederick ( 16 February 1580 – 23 April 1601 )

* 1601 – Athanasius Kircher, German scholar ( d. 1680 )

* 1601 – Tiryaki Hasan Pasha, provincial governor of Ottoman Empire, utterly defeats Habsburg forces, commanded by Ferdinand the Archduke of Austria during the Siege of Nagykanizsa.

Several surviving references indicate that a Hamlet-like play was well-known throughout the 1590s, well before the traditional date of composition ( 1599 – 1601 ).

The death of Ivan's sons marked the end of the ancient Rurik Dynasty in 1598, and in combination with the famine of 1601 – 03 led to the civil war, the rule of pretenders and foreign intervention during the Time of Troubles in the early 17th century.

Michael the Brave ( Romanian: Mihai Viteazul ) was the Prince of Wallachia ( 1593 – 1601 ), of Transylvania ( 1599 – 1600 ), and of Moldavia ( 1600 ).

* December 6 – Baltasar Gracián y Morales, Spanish writer ( b. 1601 )

* December 24 ( Julian Calendar ; January 3, 1602 according to the Gregorian Calendar used by the Irish and Spanish forces in the battle ) – The Battle of Kinsale ends the siege of Kinsale, Ireland ( begun in autumn 1601 ).

* January 3 – Battle of Kinsale: The battle happened on Thursday, 3 January 1602 according to the Gregorian Calendar used by the Irish and Spanish forces in the battle, although, for the English who were still using the old Julian Calendar, the date of the battle was Thursday, 24 December 1601.

As an arranger and composer his credits include, The Seville Suite which was inspired by the exploits of Aodh Rua Ó Dónaill from The Battle of Kinsale in 1601 until his arrival in Galicia to the welcome of The Spanish Earl of Caraçena.

In the year of 1601 the Spanish King commissioned a map of Florida indicating his desires for a fort to be built in Miami.

By 1601, after three months of heavy fighting, the Spanish troops retreated since they had been unable to capture Jolo.

Anne of Austria ( 22 September 1601 – 20 January 1666 ) was Queen consort of France and Navarre, regent for her son, Louis XIV of France, and a Portuguese and Spanish Infanta by birth.

Spanish Conquistador Juan de Oñate passed through in 1601 on his Kansas expedition.

The Siege of Ostend, 1601 to 1604, of which it was said that " the Spanish assailed the unassailable and the Dutch defended the indefensible ", cost a combined total of more than 80, 000 dead or wounded, making it the single bloodiest battle of the Eighty Years ' War.

His inability to conclude the lengthy siege of Ostend ( 1601 – 1604 ), resulted in his withdrawal from the tactical command of the Spanish Army of Flanders.

The Battle of Kinsale in 1601 saw the defeat of Hugh O ' Neill, despite his alliance with the Spanish, and the ultimate victory in the Elizabethan conquest of Ireland came with his surrender to crown authority in 1603.

* Alonso Cano ( Spanish, 1601 – 1667 )

Matthias de Lobel ( 1538 – 1616 ) published his Stirpium Adversaria Nova ( 1570 – 1571 ) and a massive compilation of illustrations while Clusius ’ s ( 1526 – 1609 ) magnum opus was Rariorum Plantarum Historia of 1601 which was a compilation of his Spanish and Hungarian floras and included over 600 plants that were new to science.

Beginning in 1601, the couple ruled the Spanish Netherlands together, and after Albert's death Isabella was appointed Governor of the Netherlands on behalf of the King of Spain.

His collected works were published in two parts: Rariorum plantarum historia ( 1601 ) contains his Spanish and Austrian flora and adds more information about new plants as well as a pioneering mycological study on mushrooms from Central Europe ; and Exoticorum libri decem ( 1605 ) is an important survey of exotic flora and fauna, both still often consulted.

In 1601 the Spanish Viceroy in Mexico City, the Conde de Monterrey, appointed Vizcaíno general-in-charge of an expedition to locate safe harbours in Alta California for Spanish Galleons to use on their return voyage to Acapulco from Manila ( with the help of Redzuru de Mac Gowan ).

In 1601 Alonso de Ribera built Fort Talcahueno to defend remaining Spanish settlements near Concepción.

Since 1591, the Irish rebels had been seeking help from Spain, and in 1601, in spite of bad weather a Spanish landing finally materialized.

Reinforcements arrived from Spain, and on 24 December 1601 English date: ( 3 January 1602 for the Catholic Irish and Spanish armies ) moved in to position.

Most of the MacCarthys, including both Donal MacCarthy and Donal na Pipi, did go over to the Spanish side, but surrendered after the English victory over the Irish and Spanish at the Battle of Kinsale in 1601.

O ’ Neill enlisted the help of a minority of lords throughout Ireland, and his most significant support came from the Spanish, whose king, Philip III of Spain, sent an invasion force, only to see it surrender after a winter siege at the Battle of Kinsale in 1601.

In 1601 it was the object of a successful Spanish attack.

Le Petit, a writer in 1601 mentioned King Adel, said to be descendant of Shem, ruler of Britain having 3 children that migrated to India.

* May 14 – Georges de Scudéry, French writer ( b. 1601 )

* John Hooker ( English constitutionalist ) ( c. 1527 – 1601 ) English writer, solicitor, antiquary, civic administrator and advocate of republican government

* Edward Fisher ( theologian ) ( born c. 1601 ), English theological writer

* Herbert Palmer ( Puritan ) ( 1601 – 1647 ), Puritan writer

Girolamo Dalla Casa ( died 1601 ) was an Italian composer, instrumentalist, and writer of the late Renaissance.

William Lambarde ( October 18, 1536 – August 19, 1601 ) was an antiquarian and writer on legal subjects.

John Hooker, John Hoker or John Vowell ( c. 1527 – 1601 ) was an English writer, solicitor, antiquary, civic administrator and advocate of republican government.

* John Hooker ( English constitutionalist ) ( c. 1527 – 1601 ) English writer, solicitor, antiquary, civic administrator and advocate of republican government

It has been proposed by Adams ' biographer M. J. Simpson that the character was almost certainly named after the 17th century puritan writer Arthur Dent, author of The Plain Man's Pathway to Heaven first published in 1601, although Adams himself claimed no recollection of consciously choosing the name.