* 1553 – Louise of Lorraine ( d. 1601 )

* 1601 – Long War: Austria captures Transylvania in the Battle of Goroszló.

Thābit's formula was rediscovered by Fermat ( 1601 – 1665 ) and Descartes ( 1596 – 1650 ), to whom it is sometimes ascribed, and extended by Euler ( 1707 – 1783 ).

A new revision — probably by Bishop George Griffith ( 1601 – 1666 ), of St Asaph-based on the revised English book of 1662, was published in 1664.

Of the famine in Povolzhie ( 1921 – 1922 ) he wrote: " That horrible famine was up to cannibalism, up to consuming children by their own parents — the famine, which Russia had never known even in Time of Troubles 1601 – 1603 ..."

* 1546 – Tycho Brahe, Danish astronomer and alchemist ( d. 1601 )

* 1601 – Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, rebels against Queen Elizabeth I – the revolt is quickly crushed.

Extremely cold summers ( 1601 – 1603 ) wrecked crops, which led to the Russian famine of 1601 – 1603 and increased the social disorganization.

* 1530 – Claude Fauchet, French historian ( d. 1601 )

* 1648 – Antoine Daniel, French missionary ( b. 1601 )

* 1601 – Baltasar Gracián y Morales, Spanish writer ( d. 1658 )

* 1562 – Mark Alexander Boyd, Scottish poet ( d. 1601 )

* August Frederick ( 16 February 1580 – 23 April 1601 )

* 1601 – Athanasius Kircher, German scholar ( d. 1680 )

Several surviving references indicate that a Hamlet-like play was well-known throughout the 1590s, well before the traditional date of composition ( 1599 – 1601 ).

The death of Ivan's sons marked the end of the ancient Rurik Dynasty in 1598, and in combination with the famine of 1601 – 03 led to the civil war, the rule of pretenders and foreign intervention during the Time of Troubles in the early 17th century.

Michael the Brave ( Romanian: Mihai Viteazul ) was the Prince of Wallachia ( 1593 – 1601 ), of Transylvania ( 1599 – 1600 ), and of Moldavia ( 1600 ).

In 1601, the city ceased to be the provincial capital.

Acting as sole Superintendent of Finances ( officially ) so at the end of 1601, he authorized the free exportation of grain and wine, reduced legal interest, established a special court to try cases of peculation, forbade provincial governors to raise money on their own authority, and otherwise removed many abuses of tax-collecting.

At the end of his turbulent reign, which saw him retire four times, Transylvania in 1601 came under direct Habsburg rule, represented by the cruel military governor Giorgio Basta.

In 1601 the castle was besieged by the Wallachian army of Michael the Brave in his campaign to unite the Romanian-inhabited principalities of Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania against the Ottoman Empire, and to switch the Ottoman vassalage to the Habsburgs.

The city remained under Ottoman occupation for 145 years, until 1688, except for a short period in 1601 when it was re-occupied by an army led by Lawrence of Brindisi.

* Michael the Brave campaign against the Ottoman Empire ( 1593 – 1601 )

In 1601, a Spanish fleet led by Alonso de Contreras that was raiding in the area surprised the Ottoman garrison and sacked the city.

In 1601, he served as the imperial chaplain for the army of Rudolph II, Holy Roman Emperor, and successfully recruited Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercœur to help fight against the Ottoman Turks.

* of the Kazakhs ( founded 1465 ; since 1601 divided into three geographical Jüz or Hordes, each under a bey ; in 1718 split into three different khanates ; eliminated by the Russian Empire by 1847 )

* December 24 ( Julian Calendar ; January 3, 1602 according to the Gregorian Calendar used by the Irish and Spanish forces in the battle ) – The Battle of Kinsale ends the siege of Kinsale, Ireland ( begun in autumn 1601 ).

* January 3 – Battle of Kinsale: The battle happened on Thursday, 3 January 1602 according to the Gregorian Calendar used by the Irish and Spanish forces in the battle, although, for the English who were still using the old Julian Calendar, the date of the battle was Thursday, 24 December 1601.

However, the Irish were ultimately unable to rid the island of the English threat, the rebellion being crushed after the English defeated O ' Neill's and O ' Donnell's combined forces in 1601 at the battle of Kinsale.

By 1601 Nurhaci was reorganizing his military forces into the basic structure of the banners and some evidence suggests that he might have started as much as a decade earlier.

In 1600 and 1601 he took part in the war against Sweden commanding the Commonwealth forces in Livonia ( Inflanty ).

* Ostensibly, the last truly independent Gaelic sovereignty, which had achieved a status of medieval statehood, and hence the last Gaelic state in Ireland, although never covering more than a part of the country, until its rulers, the O ' Donnells, who governed under the Brehon Laws, fell from power after defeat by English forces at Kinsale in 1601.

However, a secular critique of the natural law doctrine was stated by Pierre Charron in his De la sagesse ( 1601 ): " The sign of a natural law must be the universal respect in which it is held, for if there was anything that nature had truly commanded us to do, we would undoubtedly obey it universally: not only would every nation respect it, but every individual.

Sir James Lancaster commanded the first East India Company voyage in 1601

Sir James Lancaster commanded the first East India Company voyage in 1601.

A year later, in 1601, he accompanied Zamoyski north, to Latvia, where he commanded Lithuanian army in a victorious battle of Kokenhausen in the war against Sweden for possession of Livonia.

There were several more creations until the famous Devereux creation in 1572, which included Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex ( 1566 – 1601 ) a favourite of Queen Elizabeth I and his son Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, the general who commanded the Parliamentary army at the Battle of Edge Hill, the first major battle of the English Civil War ( for further history of the Devereux family, see the Viscount Hereford ).

In 1599, he commanded the fleet in The Downs, and was appointed Constable of the Tower of London on 13 February 1601 after the revolt of the Earl of Essex, and was one of the commission who tried Essex and Southampton.

Sir James Lancaster commanded the first East India Company voyage in 1601

Quiney was in London again in June, 1601, and in November, when he rode up, as Shakespeare must often have done, by way of Oxford, High Wycombe, and Uxbridge, and home through Aylesbury and Banbury.

* Declaration of the Practices and Treasons attempted and Committed by the late Earl of Essex ( 1601 )

Their hiding place at Hagley, the home of Humphrey Littleton ( brother of MP John Littleton, imprisoned for treason in 1601 for his part in the Essex revolt ) was betrayed by a cook, who grew suspicious of the amount of food sent up for his master's consumption.

Through most of 1601, he was supported directly by Tycho, who assigned him to analyzing planetary observations and writing a tract against Tycho's ( by then deceased ) rival, Ursus.

Such plot devices were used in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night ( 1601 ), The Faerie Queene by Edmund Spenser in 1590, and James Shirley's The Bird in a Cage ( 1633 ).

In 1610, by which time most Dutch and English ships visited the island on their home voyage, François Pyrard de Laval deplored the deterioration since his last visit in 1601, describing damage to the chapel and destruction of fruit trees by cutting down trees to pick the fruit.

Here, from 1600 until his death in 1601, he was assisted by Johannes Kepler.

The activities of both the grammar school and the seminary were stopped by the Polish – Swedish War ( 1601 ).

Over time, the bishopric continued to commission new architectural projects of importance, such as the redesign of the main facade, undertaken in 1664 by Alonso Cano ( 1601 – 1667 ) to introduce Baroque elements.

On page 3, a letter written by Elizabeth I on 23 January 1601 (" Witnes o < sup > r </ sup > selfe at Westminster the xxiiij < sup > th </ sup > of Ianuarie in the xliij < sup > th </ sup > yeare of o < sup > r </ sup > Reigne.

He had received his Bachelor of Arts degree by 1598, and was a fellow and MA by 1600 ( though Bernard claims he did not gain his MA till 1601 ).

" Metempsychosis " is the title of a longer work by the metaphysical poet John Donne, written in 1601.

Painting by Giacomo Cavedone 1601

In 1553 Sir Nicholas Bacon married secondly Anne Cooke ( 1528 – 1610 ), one of the daughters of Sir Anthony Cooke, by whom he had two sons, Anthony ( 1558 – 1601 ) and Francis Bacon ( 1561 – 1626 ), who became Lord Chancellor and was also a philosopher, author and scientist.