* 1606 – The Union Flag is adopted as the flag of Great Britain.

* 1544 – Bogislaw XIII, Duke of Pomerania ( d. 1606 )

* 1606 – The Charter of the Virginia Company of London is established by royal charter by James I of England with the purpose of establishing colonial settlements in North America.

* 1668 – William Davenant, English poet ( b. 1606 )

* 1606 – The Virginia Company loads three ships with settlers and sets sail to establish Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in the Americas.

Guy Fawkes ( 13 April 1570 – 31 January 1606 ), also known as Guido Fawkes, the name he adopted while fighting for the Spanish in the Low Countries, was a member of a group of provincial English Catholics who planned the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605.

It was written in the Tarikh-i Firishta ( 1606 – 1607 ) that Nasir ud din Mahmud the ruler of the Delhi Sultanate presented the envoy of the Mongol ruler Hulegu Khan with a dazzling pyrotechnics display upon his arrival in Delhi in 1258 AD.

* 1603 – 1606: Joachim I / I / III ( also Regent of Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg )

* 1606 – 1621: Johann Georg of Hohenzollern

The death of Ivan's childless son Feodor was followed by a period of civil wars and foreign intervention known as the " Time of Troubles " ( 1606 – 13 ).

* 1606 – Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes is executed for his plotting against Parliament and James I of England.

* 1606 – Guy Fawkes – Gunpowder Plot conspirators ( b. 1570 )

* 1606 – Ambrose Rokewood – Gunpowder Plot conspirators ( b. c. 1578 )

* 1606 – Thomas Wintour – Gunpowder Plot conspirators ( b. 1571 )

* 1676 – Paul Gerhardt, German writer ( b. 1606 )

* 1606 – Gunpowder Plot: The trial of Guy Fawkes and other conspirators begins, ending with their execution on January 31.

* 1606 – Arthur Chichester, 1st Earl of Donegall, Irish soldier ( d. 1675 )

* 1606 – Rembrandt, Dutch painter ( d. 1669 )

* Agnes of Brandenburg ( 31 August 1606 – 12 March 1607 ).

* Claud Hamilton, 2nd Baron Hamilton of Strabane ( c. 1606 – 1638 )

Shakespeare may allude to the image when Lady Macbeth says to her husband, " Look like the innocent flower, but be the serpent under't " ( 1. 5. 74-5 ).. And the Porter's speech ( 1. 3. 1 – 21 ), in particular, may allude to the trial of the Jesuit Henry Garnet in spring, 1606 ; " equivocator " ( line 8 ) may refer to Garnet's defence of " equivocation ", and " farmer " ( 4 ) to one of Garnet's aliases.

* 1606 – Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz, Spanish philosopher, ecclesiastic, mathematician, and writer ( d. 1682 )

* June 18 – Jeanne Mance, French Canadian settler ( b. 1606 )

* Jeanne Mance ( 1606 – 1673 ), the co-founder of Montreal

* 1644 Jeanne Mance ( Baptized Langres, France November 12, 1606 Died June 18, 1673 ) opens Hotel-Dieu, the first hospital in North America.

Under Clement VIII he himself was made protonotary and nuncio to the French court ; Paul V also employed him in a similar capacity, afterwards raising him, in 1606, to Cardinal-Priest of S. Pietro in Montorio and appointing him the papal legate to Bologna.

** Philippe Desportes, French poet ( d. 1606 )

* December 7 – Charles Garnier, French Jesuit missionary ( b. 1606 )

* November 6 – Pierre du Ryer, French dramatist ( b. 1606 )

* October 1 – Pierre Corneille, French playwright ( b. 1606 )

** François de Bar, French scholar ( d. 1606 )

** Jean Nicot, French diplomat and scholar ( d. 1606 )

Wellfleet was encountered by Europeans as early as 1606, when the French explorer Samuel de Champlain explored and named it " Port Aux Huitres " ( Oyster Port ) for the bountiful oyster population resident to the area.

Pierre Corneille (; 6 June 1606 – 1 October 1684 ) was a French tragedian who was one of the three great seventeenth-century French dramatists, along with Molière and Racine.

* Saint Charles Garnier ( missionary ) ( 1606 – 1649 ), French Jesuit missionary and martyr

French Jesuit expeditions may have first entered the valley as early as 1606, as the explorer Samuel de Champlain made a crude map of the area in 1632.

Jean Nicot also compiled one of the first French dictionaries Thresor de la langue françoyse tant ancienne que moderne ( published in 1606 ).

François de Bar ( 1538 – 25 March 1606 ) was a French Benedictine monk and scholar.

His most famous work, however, is Guzmán de Alfarache, which was translated into French in 1600, into Italian in 1606, into German in 1615, into English in 1623 by James Mabbe, and into Latin in 1623.

In politics, he adhered to the ideas of his time in considering a political revolution in the nature of an astronomical cycle: a changement ( French ) or simply a change ( as translated 1606 ) in English ; from Polybius Bodin took the idea of anacyclosis, or cyclic change of constitution.

French collections include Les Muses gaillardes ( 1606 ) Le Cabinet satyrique ( 1618 ) and La Parnasse des poetes satyriques ( 1622 ).

Pierre du Ryer ( 1606 – November 6, 1658 ) was a French dramatist.

Philippe Desportes or Desports ( 1546 – 5 October 1606 ) was a French poet.

Marc Lescarbot ( c. 1570 – 1641 ) was a French author, poet and lawyer, best known for his Histoire de la Nouvelle-France ( 1609 ), based on his expedition to Acadia ( 1606 – 1607 ) and research into French exploration.

* 1606 – 07: Edmond French fitz Robuck

Claude de Bourdeille, comte de Montrésor ( c. 1606 – 1663 ) was a French aristocrat and Count of Montrésor, who played a role in the intrigues of the first half of the 17th century, and was also a memoir-writer.