* 1637 – Niwa Nagashige, Japanese warlord ( b. 1571 )

* 1637 – Countess Emilie Juliane of Barby-Mühlingen, German hymn writer ( d. 1706 )

* 1637 – Johann Gerhard, German church leader and theologian ( b. 1582 )

* 1637 – Sir Edmund Andros, English governor in North America ( d. 1714 )

* 1580 – Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer ( d. 1637 )

* Sir George Gordon, 3rd Baronet ( 1637 – 1720 ) ( created Earl of Aberdeen in 1682 )

* George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen ( 1637 – 1720 )

The famous fugue composer Johann Sebastian Bach ( 1685 – 1750 ) shaped his own works after those of Johann Jakob Froberger ( 1616 – 1667 ), Johann Pachelbel ( 1653 – 1706 ), Girolamo Frescobaldi ( 1583 – 1643 ), Dieterich Buxtehude ( c. 1637 – 1707 ), and other composers.

* 1637 – Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor.

* 1637 – Friedrich Nicolaus Brauns, German composer and music director in Hamburg ( d. 1718 )

* Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor ( 1578 – 1637 )

* 1637 – Tulip mania collapses in the United Provinces ( now the Netherlands ) as sellers could no longer find buyers for their bulb contracts.

* 1637 – Eighty Years ' War: Off the coast of Cornwall, England, a Spanish fleet intercepts an important Anglo-Dutch merchant convoy of 44 vessels escorted by 6 warships, destroying or capturing 20 of them.

He wrote in Chinese a life of Jesus ( Pekin, 1635 – 1637, 8 vols.

George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen ( 6 October 1637 – 20 April 1720 ), Lord Chancellor of Scotland, was the second son of Sir John Gordon, 1st Baronet, of Haddo, Aberdeenshire, ( executed in 1644 ); by his wife, Mary Forbes.

Most foreign militaries operated under the umbrella of the Multinational force in Iraq ( the MNF – I ), authorized under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1546, 1637, 1723, and 1790 until December 31, 2008.

* 1637 – Jacques Marquette, French missionary and explorer ( d. 1675 )

* 1578 – Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor ( d. 1637 )

* 1574 – Robert Fludd, English composer and writer ( d. 1637 )

* 1698 – Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont, French historian ( b. 1637 )

What is known is that the crew of the ship Red Dragon, anchored off Sierra Leone, performed Hamlet in September 1607 ; that the play toured in Germany within five years of Shakespeare's death ; and that it was performed before James I in 1619 and Charles I in 1637.

His son and successor, Charles I, took matters further, introducing an English-style Prayer Book into the Scottish church in 1637.

Thomas Barlow, Bishop of Lincoln wrote Execreitationes aliquot metaphysicae de Deo ( 1637 ) and spoke often of natural theology during the reign of Charles II.

* Charles I of Gonzaga-Nevers ( 1580 – 1637 ), Duke of Nevers and Mantua ( claim for the later supported by France )

* February 21 – Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore, Governor of the Province of Maryland ( b. 1637 )

This county was named for Charles Calvert ( 1637 – 1715 ), third Baron Baltimore.

Charles City Shire soon became known as Charles City County in 1637.

Referring to Charles I of England, historian Veronica Wedgwood wrote this sentence in her 1955 book The King's Peace, 1637 – 1641: " The King in his natural optimism still believed that a silent majority in Scotland were in his favour.

A figure of seventy was permanently fixed in the revising Letters Patent of Charles I in 1637.

The Palatinate cause was a popular Protestant issue in England, and in 1637 a general public subscription helped fund an expedition under Charles Louis to try and regain the electorate as part of a joint French campaign.

* Charles II, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat ( 1637 – 1665 )

In attempting to force the Scots to accept a new Prayer Book in 1637, Charles sparked a crisis that led to the compilation and subscription of the National Covenant in early 1638, a document which rejected all innovations in worship that had not been subject to the approval of both the Scottish Parliament and the General Assembly of the church.

* The Fall of the Monarchy of Charles I, 1637 – 1649 by Samuel Rawson Gardiner ( 1882 ): Volume I ( 1637 – 1640 ), Volume II ( 1640 – 1642 )

The result was that the House of Lords in England, after several days ' hearing, reversed the decree made in 1637, thus finally and solemnly declaring that Charles I, Strafford, and their respective councils had been wrong throughout.

Charles I created the Ring ( north of the present Serpentine boathouses ), and in 1637 he opened the park to the general public.

John Berkeley was accredited ambassador from Charles I of England to Christina of Sweden, in January 1637, to propose a joint effort by the two sovereigns for the reinstatement of the elector palatine in his dominions ; probably the employment of Berkeley in this by his cousin, Sir Thomas Roe, who had conducted negotiations between Gustavus Adolphus and the king of Poland.

Returning to England upon the death of his wife in 1637, Dee became physician to King Charles I.

Subsequently, in 1637, Charles attempted to introduce a version of the Book of Common Prayer, written by a group of Scottish prelates, most notably the Archbishop of St Andrews, John Spottiswood, and the Bishop of Ross, John Maxwell, and edited for printing by the Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud ; it was a combination of Knox's Book of Common Order, which was in use before 1637, and English liturgy in hopes of further unifying the ( Anglican ) Church of England and the ( Presbyterian ) Church of Scotland.

* Princess Anne of England ( 1637 – 1640 ), daughter of Charles I of England

* Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore ( 1637 – 1715 )

* Charles de Schomberg, Duke of Halluin ( 1601 – 1656 ), Marshal of France in 1637.