* 1637 – Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore, English politician ( d. 1715 )

* 1637 – Niwa Nagashige, Japanese warlord ( b. 1571 )

* 1637 – Countess Emilie Juliane of Barby-Mühlingen, German hymn writer ( d. 1706 )

* 1637 – Johann Gerhard, German church leader and theologian ( b. 1582 )

* 1637 – Sir Edmund Andros, English governor in North America ( d. 1714 )

* 1580 – Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer ( d. 1637 )

* Sir George Gordon, 3rd Baronet ( 1637 – 1720 ) ( created Earl of Aberdeen in 1682 )

* George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen ( 1637 – 1720 )

The famous fugue composer Johann Sebastian Bach ( 1685 – 1750 ) shaped his own works after those of Johann Jakob Froberger ( 1616 – 1667 ), Johann Pachelbel ( 1653 – 1706 ), Girolamo Frescobaldi ( 1583 – 1643 ), Dieterich Buxtehude ( c. 1637 – 1707 ), and other composers.

* 1637 – Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor.

* Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor ( 1578 – 1637 )

* 1637 – Tulip mania collapses in the United Provinces ( now the Netherlands ) as sellers could no longer find buyers for their bulb contracts.

* 1637 – Eighty Years ' War: Off the coast of Cornwall, England, a Spanish fleet intercepts an important Anglo-Dutch merchant convoy of 44 vessels escorted by 6 warships, destroying or capturing 20 of them.

He wrote in Chinese a life of Jesus ( Pekin, 1635 – 1637, 8 vols.

George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen ( 6 October 1637 – 20 April 1720 ), Lord Chancellor of Scotland, was the second son of Sir John Gordon, 1st Baronet, of Haddo, Aberdeenshire, ( executed in 1644 ); by his wife, Mary Forbes.

Most foreign militaries operated under the umbrella of the Multinational force in Iraq ( the MNF – I ), authorized under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1546, 1637, 1723, and 1790 until December 31, 2008.

* 1637 – Jacques Marquette, French missionary and explorer ( d. 1675 )

* 1578 – Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor ( d. 1637 )

* 1574 – Robert Fludd, English composer and writer ( d. 1637 )

* 1698 – Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont, French historian ( b. 1637 )

* March 13 – Friedrich Nicolaus Brauns, composer ( b. 1637 )

** Nicolaus Bach ( 1619 – 1637 )

An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637.

* May 9 – Dieterich Buxtehude, German composer ( b. c. 1637 )

A 1630 map by Willem Blaeu of the German Empire shows the city name Dirschau, as well as Kirchenbuecher starting in 1637 of the mostly Protestant city.

Preludes by northern German composers such as Dieterich Buxtehude ( c. 1637 – 1707 ) and Nikolaus Bruhns ( c. 1665 – 1697 ) combined sections of free improvised passages with parts in strict contrapuntal writing ( usually brief fugues ).

* October 17-Johann Gerhard, German Lutheran theologian ( died 1637 )

Frescobaldi's pupils included numerous Italian composers, but the most important was a German, Johann Jakob Froberger, who studied with him in 1637 – 41.

In 1637, Swedish, Dutch and German stockholders formed the New Sweden Company to trade for furs and tobacco in North America.

* Daniel Cramer ( 1568 – 1637 ), German Lutheran theologian

He sang the praises of the house of the Electors of Brandenburg in a collection of poems entitled Kurbrandenburgische Rose, Adler, Lowe und Scepter ( 1661 ), and also produced many occasional poems, several of which became popular ; the most famous of them is " Anke von Tharaw öss, de my geföllt " ( rendered from Low Saxon by Herder into modern German as " Ännchen von Tharau "), composed in 1637 in honor of the marriage of a friend.

* Ludwig Heidenreich von Callenberg ( died 1637 ), German officer

Dieterich Buxtehude (, also Dietrich ; Danish Diderich, equivalent to the modern Diderik ) ( c. 1637 to 1639 — 9 May 1707 ) was a German-Danish organist and composer of the Baroque period.

Bernardo Pasquini ( 7 December 1637 – 22 November 1710 ) was an Italian composer of opera and church music.

Dieterich Buxtehude ( c. 1637 – 1707 ) was a German-Danish organist and a highly regarded composer of the Baroque period.

1637 – 28 November 1695 ) was an Italian musician and composer.

* January 17 – Robert Fludd, English composer and writer ( died 1637 )

* November 22 – Bernardo Pasquini, composer ( born 1637 )

Unfortunately, Le Jeune was found out to be the author of an anti-Catholic tract in 1589, and was forced to flee Paris during the siege that year: only the intervention of his friend, the composer Jacques Mauduit, at the city's St. Denis gate saved his life and prevented the destruction of the manuscripts he carried with him ( according to Marin Mersenne, who wrote extensively about both composers in his Harmonie universelle of 1637 ).

* May 9 – Dieterich Buxtehude, composer ( born 1637 )

* February 8 – Filippo Acciaiuoli, opera composer, librettist and manager ( born 1637 )